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12.1 What Is Stress?

stress, stressor, stress response, allostasis, stressor type (physical, psychological, social), stressor duration (acute, subchronic, chronic), stressor severity (mild, moderate, severe/traumatic), inverted-U curve, eustress, distress, animal model

12.2 Neural Mechanisms and Circuitry of the Stress Response

amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, autonomic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, sympatho-neural system, sympatho-adrenomedullary system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), glucocorticoid, cortisol, negative feedback, Cushing’s syndrome, glucocorticoid receptor, mineralocorticoid receptor, ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc), top-down or high-order control

12.3 Interindividual Variability and Resilience in Response to Stress

interindividual variability, epigenetic, critical period, biological inheritance, social inheritance, ecological inheritance, appraisal/reappraisal, predictability, controllability, social buffering, resilience

12.4 Clinical Implications of Stress

stress-related disorders, allostatic overload, sickness response, inflammation, microglia, inflammatory priming, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration
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