Skip to ContentGo to accessibility page
OpenStax Logo
Fundamentals of Nursing

References

Fundamentals of NursingReferences

References

American Heart Association. (2020). How to accurately measure blood pressure at home. https://www.heart.org/en/news/2020/05/22/how-to-accurately-measure-blood-pressure-at-home

American Heart Association. (2023). Low blood pressure—when blood pressure is too low. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/the-facts-about-high-blood-pressure/low-blood-pressure-when-blood-pressure-is-too-low

American Heart Association. (2023). Monitoring your blood pressure at home. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/understanding-blood-pressure-readings/monitoring-your-blood-pressure-at-home

American Lung Association. (2023). The inhalation of harmful chemicals can cause irreversible lung damage and lung disease. https://www.lung.org/quit-smoking/e-cigarettes-vaping/impact-of-e-cigarettes-on-lung

Baggish, A., & Wood, M. (2011). Athlete’s heart and cardiovascular care of the athlete: Scientific and clinical update. Circulation, 123(23), 2723–2735. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.110.981571

Canadian Pediatric Society. (2022). Fever and temperature taking. Caring for Kids. https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/health-conditions-and-treatments/fever_and_temperature_taking

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Older adults and extreme heat. https://www.cdc.gov/aging/emergency-preparedness/older-adults-extreme-heat/index.html

Cleveland Clinic. (2023). What is a normal body temperature? https://health.clevelandclinic.org/body-temperature-what-is-and-isnt-normal

Evans, S., Repasky, E. A., & Fisher, D. T. (2015). Fever and the thermal regulation of immunity: The immune system feels the heat. Nature Reviews: Immunology, 15(6), 335–349. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3843

Hafen, B. B., & Sharma, S. (2022). Oxygen saturation. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525974/

Kumar, K. (2021). Is it okay to take blood pressure multiple times? MedicineNet. https://www.medicinenet.com/is_it_okay_to_take_blood_pressure_multiple_times/article.htm

Neff, L. M., Hoffmann, M. E., Zeiss, D. M., Lowry, K., Edwards, M., Rodriguez, S. M., Wachsberg, K. N., Kushner, R., & Landsberg, L. (2016). Core body temperature is lower in postmenopausal women than premenopausal women: Potential implications for energy metabolism and midlife weight gain. Cardiovascular Endocrinology and Metabolism, 5(4), 151–154. https://doi.org/10.1097%2FXCE.0000000000000078

Nguyen, Y., & Bora, V. (2023). Arterial pressure monitoring. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556127/

Osilla, E., Marsidi, J. L., Shumway, K. R., & Sharma, S. (2023). Physiology, temperature regulation. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507838/

Ostchega, Y., Porter, K. S., Hughes, J., Dillon, C. F., & Nwankwo, T. (2011). Resting pulse rate reference data for children, adolescents, and adults: United States, 1999-2008. National health statistics reports, (41), 1–16.

Penn Medicine. (2022). Fever. https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/patient-information/conditions-treated-a-to-z/fever

Rock, M. (2018). Taking a manual blood pressure: Techniques and pitfalls. Journal of Emergency Medical Services. https://www.jems.com/patient-care/cardiac-resuscitation/taking-a-

Sapra, A., Malik, A., & Bhandari, P. (2023). Vital sign assessment. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553213/

Saugel, B., Kouz, K., Meidert, A. S., Schulte-Uentrop, L., & Romagnoli, S. (2020). How to measure blood pressure using an arterial catheter: A systematic 5-step approach. Critical Care, 24(172). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02859-w

Topjian, A. A., Raymond, T. T., Atkins, D., Chan, M., Duff, J. P., Joyner, B L., Jr., Lasa, J. J., Lavonas, E. J., Levy, A., Mahgoub, M., Meckler, G. D., Roberts, K. E., Sutton, R. M., & Schexnayder, S. M. (2020). Part 4: Pediatric basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation, 142, S469–S523. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000901

Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J., Dennison Himmelfarb, C., DePalma, S. M., Gidding, S., Jamerson, K. A., Jones, D. W., MacLaughlin, E. J., Muntner, P., Ovbiagele, B., Smith, S. C., Spencer, C. C., Stafford, R. S., Taler, S. J., Thomas, R. J., Williams, K. A., Williamson, J. D., & Wright, J. T. (2018). 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/AphA/ASH /ASPC/NMA/ PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 71(19), e127–e248. https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006

PreviousNext
Order a print copy
Citation/Attribution
Reuse and redistribution of this content in digital or print format:
  • This book may not be used in the training of large language models or otherwise be ingested into large language models or generative AI offerings without OpenStax's prior written permission.
  • This book uses the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License, which means that you can reuse and modify the material only for noncommercial purposes, must attribute OpenStax, and must distribute any derivative works under the same license.
  • Any commercial printing of this textbook, including using a local or custom printer, must be approved by OpenStax, and proper citation provided.
  • OpenStax-copyrighted images, activities, assessments, and similar components of this book are subject to the same licensing – CC-BY-NC-SA. They can be used for noncommercial purposes with attribution. Commercial use requires permission.
  • Permission requests: Anyone who intends to incorporate this content (including text, images, and other components) into large language models, use it in AI offerings, use it commercially (including in print), and/or has questions about another use case is welcome to complete our reuse request form.
Attribution information
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a noncommercial print format, then you must include on every physical page the following attribution:

    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/fundamentals-nursing/pages/1-introduction

  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a noncommercial digital format, then for every page that includes OpenStax content, you must license the derivative work under the same CC-BY-NC-SA license as the original, and include on every digital page view the following attribution:

    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/fundamentals-nursing/pages/1-introduction

Citation information

The information below includes the information needed to generate citations in most major styles (APA, MLA, etc.); you must reformat and organize the information as needed to fit the requirements of the style. Use the information below to generate a citation. We recommend using a citation tool such as this one.

© Jul 23, 2026 OpenStax. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo, and Rice University name, and Rice University logo trademarks, or wordmarks are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.