Skip to ContentGo to accessibility pageKeyboard shortcuts menu
OpenStax Logo

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2021, July 6). Infant food and feeding. https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/healthy-active-living-for-families/infant-food-and-feeding/

American Association of Neurological Surgeons. (2019). Shaken baby syndrome—Symptoms, prognosis and prevention. AANS.org. https://www.aans.org/en/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Shaken-Baby-Syndrome

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2023, August 22). Activities to encourage speech and language development. https://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/activities-to-encourage-speech-and-language-development/

Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. (2004, August 1). Meeting the needs of the adolescent learner. https://www.ascd.org/el/articles/meeting-the-needs-of-the-adolescent-learner

Boston Children’s Hospital. (2023, August 30). What are birth defects and congenital anomalies? https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/birth-defects-and-congenital-anomalies

Brown, R. C., & Plener, P. L. (2017). Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence. Current Psychiatry Reports, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-017-0767-9

Byington, T., & Kim, Y. (2015). Toddler language development. University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, Fact Sheet-15-05.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, January 29). Child injury. https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/childinjury/index.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, April 8). Life stages and populations—Adolescents health. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/adolescent-health.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). CDC healthy schools: Obesity. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/obesity/index.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, July 21). What developmental milestones is your 1-year-old reaching? https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/milestones-1yr.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023a, December 15). Reproductive health: About teen pregnancy. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductive-health/teen-pregnancy

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023b, March 17). Breastfeeding: recommendations and benefits. https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/infantandtoddlernutrition/breastfeeding/recommendations-benefits.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023c, April 27). Child and adolescent immunization schedule by age. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-adolescent.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023d, March 18). Sudden unexpected infant death and sudden infant death syndrome: Data and statistics. https://www.cdc.gov/sids/data.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023e, December 15). Reproductive health: Infertility: Frequently asked questions. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductive-health/infertility-faq

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023f, June 29). Infant, toddler, and nutrition: Formula feeding. https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/infantandtoddlernutrition/formula-feeding/index.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023g, June 1). Mental health; Poor mental health impacts adolescent well-being. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/mental-health/index.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023h, June 27). When, what, and how to introduce solid foods. https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/infantandtoddlernutrition/foods-and-drinks/when-to-introduce-solid-foods.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024, March 26). Adolescent and school health: Sexual risk behaviors. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/sexualbehaviors/index.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024b, May 8). CDC’s developmental milestones. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/index.html

Chung, E. K., Gubernick, R. S., LaNoue, M., & Abatemarco, D. J. (2019). Child abuse and neglect risk assessment: Quality improvement in a primary care setting. Academic Pediatrics, 19(2), 227–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2018.09.011

Cleveland Clinic. (2021, December 14). High risk pregnancy. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22190-high-risk-pregnancy

Cleveland Clinic. (2024, January 25). Male infertility. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17201-male-infertility

Collier, A. Y., & Molina, R. L. (2019). Maternal mortality in the United States: Updates on trends, causes, and solutions. NeoReviews, 20(10), 561–574. https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.20-10-e561

Daly, A., O’Sullivan, E., & Kearney, J. (2021). Considerations for health and food choice in adolescents. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 81(1), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665121003827

Desiraju, M. (2018). Your newborn's growth. KidsHealth. https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/grownewborn.html

Dumpa, V., & Kamity, R. (2023). Birth trauma. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539831

Fleiss, N., Schwabenbauer, K., Randis, T. M., & Polin, R. A. (2023). What’s new in the management of neonatal early-onset sepsis? Archives of Disease in Childhood—Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 108, 10–14. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-323532

Graber, E. G. (2023, July 27). Physical growth of infants and children. In Merck Manual Consumer Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/growth-and-development/physical-growth-of-infants-and-children

Hawkins, S. S., & Baum, C. (2023, March 20). Severe maternal morbidity in the United States. Econofact. https://econofact.org/severe-maternal-morbidity-in-the-united-states

Jaan, A., & Rajnik, M. (2021). TORCH complex. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560528/

Jugert, P., & Titzmann, P. F. (2020). Developmental tasks and immigrant adolescent’s adaptation. In D. Güngör & D. Strohmeier (Eds.), Contextualizing immigrant and refugee resilience: Cultural and acculturation perspectives (pp. 33–50). Springer.

Kochanek, M. A., Murphy, S. L., Xu, J., & Arias, E. (2024, March). Mortality in the United States, 2022. National Center for Health Statistics Data Brief No. 492. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db492.htm#section_5

Lally, M., & Valentine-French, S. (2019). Lifespan development: A psychological perspective (2nd ed.). https://dept.clcillinois.edu/psy/LifespanDevelopment.pdf

Lantz, S. E., & Ray, S. (2022, December 5). Freud developmental theory. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557526/

Lindekilde, N., Lübeck, M., & Lasgaard, M. (2018). Identity formation and evaluation in adolescence and emerging adulthood: How is it associated with depressive symptoms and loneliness? Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 6(2), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.21307/sjcapp-2018-010

Michigan Government. (2023, August 15). Health & safety for toddlers (2–3 years). https://www.michigan.gov/mikidsmatter/parents/toddler/health

Miech, R. A., Johnston, L. D., Patrick, M. E., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2023). Monitoring the future: National survey results on drug use, 1975-2022: Secondary school students. https://monitoringthefuture.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/mtf2022.pdf

Miguel-Berges, M. L., Mouratidou, T., Santaliestra-Pasias, A., Androutsos, O., Iotova, V., Galcheva, S., De Craemer, M., Cardon, G., Koletzko, B., Kulaga, Z., Manios, Y., & Moreno, L. A. (2023). Longitudinal associations between diet quality, sedentary behaviours and physical activity and risk of overweight and obesity in preschool children: The ToyBox‐study. Pediatric Obesity, 18(10), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.13068

Miyoshi, Y., Suenaga, H., Aoki, M., & Tanaka, S. (2020). Determinants of excessive weight loss in breastfed full-term newborns at a baby-friendly hospital: A retrospective cohort study. International Breastfeeding Journal, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-020-00263-2

National Association of School Psychologists. (2023, August 26). School safety and crisis. https://www.nasponline.org/resources-and-publications/resources-and-podcasts/school-safety-and-crisis

National Center for Education Statistics. (2023, August 20). Fast facts; school crime. https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=49

National Health Services UK. Separation anxiety. (2023, May 17). https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/babys-development/behaviour/separation-anxiety/

National Institutes of Health (2018, September 11). What are some signs of learning disabilities? https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/learning/conditioninfo/signs

National Institutes of Health. (2021, June 21). Puberty and precocious puberty. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/puberty

National Institutes of Health. (2022, October 13). Speech and language developmental milestones. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/speech-and-language

National Safety Council. (2023, August 26). Childproofing your home. https://www.nsc.org/community-safety/safety-topics/child-safety/childproofing-your-home

Newton, R. (2022, October 28). Human growth and development. Pressbooks. https://pressbooks.pub/mccdevpsych/

Orenstein, G. A. (2022, November 7). Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556096/

Patel, J. K., & Rouster, A. S. (2023). Infant nutrition requirements and options. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560758/

Pekarsky, A. (2022). Overview of child neglect and abuse. In Merck Manual Consumer Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/child-neglect-and-abuse/overview-of-child-neglect-and-abuse?query=child%20abuse

Pérez Pico, A. M., Mingorance Álvarez, E., Villar Rodríguez, J., & Mayordomo Acevedo, R. (2022). Differences in hygiene habits among children aged 8 to 11 years by type of schooling. Children, 9(2), 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9020129

Phelan, P. J., & Rheault, M. N. (2018). Hearing loss and renal syndromes. Pediatric Nephrology, 33(10), 1671–1683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-017-3835-9

Raab, C. (2023). Failure to thrive (FTT) in children. In MSD Manual Professional Edition. https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/miscellaneous-disorders-in-infants-and-children/failure-to-thrive-ftt-in-children

Rosado, N., Charleston, E., Gregg, M., & Lorenz, D. (2019). Characteristics of accidental versus abusive pediatric burn injuries in an urban burn center over a 14-year period. Journal of Burn Care & Research, 40(4), 437–443. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irz032

Saddleback College. (2019). Understanding the whole child: Growth and development conception through adolescents. Pressbooks. https://pressbooks.pub/scchildgrowthanddevelopment/

Saltzman, D., & Skube, M. (2021). Accidental trauma of infancy: Emergency department evaluation and management. Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice, 18(Suppl. 2), 1–39. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33560628/

Sanyaolu, A., Okorie, C., Qi, X., Locke, J. A., & Rehman, S. U. (2019). Childhood and adolescent obesity in the United States: A public health concern. Global Pediatric Health, 6, 2333794X1989130. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794x19891305

Simon, L. V. (2023, May 22). APGAR score. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470569/

Singh, M., Alsaleem, M., & Gray, C. P. (2022). Neonatal sepsis. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531478

Smith, A. E., Shah, M., & Badireddy, M. (2023, November 12). Failure to thrive. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459287/

Society of Behavioral Medicine. (2023, August 20). Parenting practices to develop healthy habits for kids. https://www.sbm.org/healthy-living/parenting-practices-to-develop-healthy-habits-for-kids

Sundararajan, S., & Rabe, H. (2021). Prevention of iron deficiency anemia in infants and toddlers. Pediatric Research, 89(1), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-0907-5

Ţepordei, A.-M., Zancu, A. S., Diaconu-Gherasim, L. R., Crumpei-Tanasă, Măirean, C., Sălăvăstru, D., & Labăr, A. V. (2023). Children’s peer relationships, well-being, and academic achievement: The mediating role of academic competence. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1174127. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1174127

U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2023). Special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children (WIC). https://www.fns.usda.gov/wic

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF). (2023, August 30). Maternal nutrition: Preventing malnutrition in pregnant and breastfeeding women. https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/maternal

Youth.gov. (n.d.). The adverse effects of teen pregnancy. https://youth.gov/youth-topics/pregnancy-prevention/adverse-effects-teen-pregnancy#_ftn

Citation/Attribution

This book may not be used in the training of large language models or otherwise be ingested into large language models or generative AI offerings without OpenStax's permission.

Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This book uses the Creative Commons Attribution License and you must attribute OpenStax.

Attribution information
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, then you must include on every physical page the following attribution:
    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/fundamentals-nursing/pages/1-introduction
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution:
    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/fundamentals-nursing/pages/1-introduction
Citation information

© Aug 20, 2024 OpenStax. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.