Skip to ContentGo to accessibility page
OpenStax Logo
Fundamentals of Nursing

References

Fundamentals of NursingReferences

References

Almeida, D. M., Rush, J., Mogle, J., Piazza, J. R., Cerino, E., & Charles, S. T. (2023). Longitudinal change in daily stress across 20 years of adulthood: Results from the national study of daily experiences. Developmental Psychology, 59(3), 515–523. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001469

American Psychological Association (APA). (2024). Socioeconomic status. https://www.apa.org/topics/socioeconomic-status/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Preventing adverse childhood experiences: Data to action (PACE:D2A). https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/aces/preventingace-datatoaction.html

Cherney, K. (2023). Effects of anxiety on the body. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/effects-on-body

Cherry, K. (2020). What is allostatic load? Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-allostatic-load-5680283

Cherry, K. (2022). 20 common defense mechanisms and how they work. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/defense-mechanisms-2795960

Cherry, K. (2022). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs-4136760

Cleveland Clinic. (2020). Anxiety disorders. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9536-anxiety-disorders

Conde Moreno, M., & Ramalheira, F. (2022). Is the pursuit of happiness the pursuit of homeostasis? A review on the modulatory functions of endorphins on human behavior. European Psychiatry, 65, S733. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1893

Gonzalo, A. (2024). Sister Callista Roy: Adaptation model of nursing. Nurseslabs. https://nurseslabs.com/sister-callista-roys-adaptation-model/

Guidi, J., Lucente, M., Sonino, N., & Fava, G.A. (2021). Allostatic load and its impact on health: A systematic review. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 90(1), 11–27. https://doi.org/10.1159/000510696

Healthy People 2030. (n.d.). Social determinants of health. https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health

Hernández-Martinez, C., Voltas Moreso, N., Arija Val, V., Jardí Piñana, C., Bedmar Carretero, C., & Canals, J. (2019). The role of maternal emotional states during pregnancy and early infancy on infant cortisol levels: A prospective study. Infant & Child Development, 28(5), e2149. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2149

Igboanugo, S., & Mielke, J. G. (2023). The allostatic load model: A framework to understand the cumulative multi-system impact of work-related psychosocial stress exposure among firefighters. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2023.2255026

Lindberg, S. (2019). Eustress: The good stress. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/eustress

Maslow, A. H. (1943/2000). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396. https://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm

McLeod, S. (2024). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. SimplyPsychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html

Moore, C. (2019). What is eustress? A look at the psychology and benefits. PositivePsychology.com. https://positivepsychology.com/what-is-eustress/

Peterson, A. L. (2021). What is . . . adaptive vs. maladaptive coping. Mental Health @ Home. https://mentalhealthathome.org/2021/09/24/adaptive-maladaptive-coping/

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses. (2022). Competencies. https://www.qsen.org/competencies-pre-licensure-ksas

Roy, S. C. (1984). Introduction to Nursing: An Adaptation Model. Prentice-Hall.

Selye, H. (1956/1976). The Stress of Life. McGraw-Hill

Smith, K. E., & Pollak, S. D. (2020). Early life stress and development: Potential mechanisms for adverse outcomes. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 12(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-020-09337-y

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). About chronic diseases. https://www.cdc.gov/chronic-disease/about/

Villines, Z. (2024). Eustress vs. distress: What is the difference? MedicalNewsToday. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/eustress-vs-distress

Watson, J. (2024). Watson’s caring science & human caring theory. Watson Caring Science Institute. https://www.watsoncaringscience.org/jean-bio/caring-science-theory/

Whitlock, J. (2023). The difference between chronic and acute conditions. Verywell Health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/chronic-definition-3157059

Wilson, C. (2023). Healthy coping mechanisms: 9 adaptive strategies to try. PositivePsychology.com. https://positivepsychology.com/healthy-coping-mechanisms/

PreviousNext
Order a print copy
Citation/Attribution
Reuse and redistribution of this content in digital or print format:
  • This book may not be used in the training of large language models or otherwise be ingested into large language models or generative AI offerings without OpenStax's prior written permission.
  • This book uses the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License, which means that you can reuse and modify the material only for noncommercial purposes, must attribute OpenStax, and must distribute any derivative works under the same license.
  • Any commercial printing of this textbook, including using a local or custom printer, must be approved by OpenStax, and proper citation provided.
  • OpenStax-copyrighted images, activities, assessments, and similar components of this book are subject to the same licensing – CC-BY-NC-SA. They can be used for noncommercial purposes with attribution. Commercial use requires permission.
  • Permission requests: Anyone who intends to incorporate this content (including text, images, and other components) into large language models, use it in AI offerings, use it commercially (including in print), and/or has questions about another use case is welcome to complete our reuse request form.
Attribution information
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a noncommercial print format, then you must include on every physical page the following attribution:

    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/fundamentals-nursing/pages/1-introduction

  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a noncommercial digital format, then for every page that includes OpenStax content, you must license the derivative work under the same CC-BY-NC-SA license as the original, and include on every digital page view the following attribution:

    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/fundamentals-nursing/pages/1-introduction

Citation information

The information below includes the information needed to generate citations in most major styles (APA, MLA, etc.); you must reformat and organize the information as needed to fit the requirements of the style. Use the information below to generate a citation. We recommend using a citation tool such as this one.

© Jul 23, 2026 OpenStax. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo, and Rice University name, and Rice University logo trademarks, or wordmarks are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.