Review Questions
1
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How does self-image differ from self-identity?
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Self-image reflects the overall value and worth one assigns to oneself, while self-identity encompasses an individual’s personal characteristics, roles, and affiliations.
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Self-image focuses on one’s physical appearance and abilities, while self-identity encompasses an individual’s personal characteristics, roles, and affiliations.
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Self-image encompasses an individual’s personal characteristics, roles, and affiliations, while self-identity focuses on one’s physical appearance and abilities.
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Self-image is formed through connections with societal groups, while self-identity reflects the overall value and worth one assigns to oneself.
2
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Why is role performance important?
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Role performance helps with resilience, positive coping mechanisms, and the ability to navigate life’s challenges.
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Role performance helps to overcome feelings of inadequacy, anxiety, and vulnerability.
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Role performance positively reinforces self-concept and contributes to a sense of purpose and fulfillment.
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Role performance enables a more accurate perception and evaluation of our physical appearance, which improves body image.
3
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According to Brown (2009), what five sources help us develop self-knowledge?
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emotional states, personality traits, behavioral patterns, values, and goals
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personality traits, behavioral patterns, social comparisons, reflected appraisals, and goals
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role performance, emotional states, values, goals, and reflected appraisals
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physical world, social comparisons, reflected appraisals, introspection, and self-perception
4
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Which component of self-evaluation focuses on recognizing and understanding one’s emotions, thoughts, and behaviors?
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self-reflection
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self-perception
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self-awareness
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self-esteem
5
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In the process of reflected appraisal, what affects our self-concept?
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what other people think of us
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our ability to overcome our false self
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growth of our ideal self
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whether we feel part of a collective being
6
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Matilda is in middle adulthood. What self-concept factor would she most likely be faced with?
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She is experimenting and overcoming confusion about her role in society and developing a stronger identity.
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She is establishing relationships with others, along with societal bonds.
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She is busy, focused on establishing a sense of purpose for life and contributing to society.
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She is reflecting and assessing her life and recognizing her personal contributions to society.
7
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How does self-efficacy affect individuals’ ability to succeed or fail?
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Individuals with a low self-efficacy have a great deal of self-confidence and believe they can control their capabilities and circumstances, enabling them to achieve success.
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Individuals with low self-efficacy also have lower rates of anxiety and depression, which makes it easier for them to succeed.
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Individuals with high self-efficacy also have higher rates of neuroticism, which makes it easier for them to succeed.
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Individuals with a high self-efficacy have a great deal of self-confidence and believe they can control their capabilities and circumstances, enabling them to achieve success.
8
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As the unit manager, you must decide which nurse on your shift will be in charge during your absence. You need a nurse who is competent, productive, self-disciplined, and can set goals for patients. What Big Five personality trait are you seeking in this nurse?
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extraversion
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conscientiousness
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agreeableness
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openness to experience
9
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Your patient is incredibly perky, hyped up about several upcoming personal and social events. What kind of stress is your patient experiencing?
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eustress
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episodic acute
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acute
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chronic
10
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Your patient just turned 70 years old, and you are concerned that over the next few years, the patient’s self-concept will decline. Why are you concerned about this?
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After age 70 years, many individuals experience an increase in neuroticism, which tends to negatively impact self-concept.
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After age 70 years, many individuals experience a gradual decline in self-esteem, which tends to negatively impact self-concept.
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After age 70 years, many individuals become extraverted, which tends to negatively impact self-concept.
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After age 70 years, many individuals experience financial difficulties, which tend to negatively impact self-concept.
11
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Your patient insists that she can no longer handle life because she feels like a part of herself died too when she lost her partner. What is your patient experiencing?
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depression
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physiological change
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chronic stress
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identity confusion