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Fundamentals of Nursing

Introduction

Fundamentals of NursingIntroduction
Illustration (left) of digestive system. Stomach, duodenum, colon, jejunum, ileum labeled. Image (top right) shows inside of small intestine at a steady state. Image (bottom right) of micrograph of colon’s simple columnar epithelium and goblet cells.
Figure 27.1 Functional bowel elimination is a physiological process needed to maintain homeostasis. (credit (left): modification of “Blausen 0432 GastroIntestinalSystem” by BruceBlaus/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0; credit (top right): modification of “Small Intestine at Steady State” by NIAID/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0; credit (bottom right): modification of work from Anatomy and Physiology 2e. attribution: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC BY 4.0 license)

Chapter Outline

27.1 Gastrointestinal Tract Structures and Functions
27.2 Factors Affecting Bowel Elimination
27.3 Diagnostic Evaluation
27.4 Common Conditions Affecting Bowel Elimination

The gastrointestinal (GI) system, a remarkable and intricate physiological network, is an indispensable component of the human body’s regulatory mechanisms. Operating quietly behind the scenes, it diligently processes food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste, playing a vital part in sustaining the body’s overall balance and functionality. This chapter delves into the multifaceted dimensions of the GI system, exploring its fundamental functions, examining the various factors that affect bowel elimination, and highlighting the integral role nurses play in ensuring optimal GI health for their patients.

Recognizing the GI system’s intricacies is not merely a professional concern for nurses, it is a cornerstone in delivering comprehensive patient care. Armed with this knowledge, nurses become adept at spotting early signs of potential issues, intervening promptly, and averting complications. Nurses also serve as educators, empowering patients to actively engage in their GI health. Fully understanding the GI system contributes to making accurate diagnoses, informing the development of care plans, and shaping interventions tailored to each patient’s unique needs.

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