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Fundamentals of Nursing

Review Questions

Fundamentals of NursingReview Questions

Review Questions

1 .
What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?
  1. storage of urine
  2. filtration of blood
  3. muscular contractions
  4. urethra expansion
2 .
What anatomical structure prevents reflux of urine into the ureters?
  1. trigone
  2. renal capsule
  3. nephron
  4. urethral sphincter
3 .
What is the primary function of glomerular filtration in the process of urine formation?
  1. reabsorbing essential substances
  2. selectively transporting ions
  3. filtering blood to form an initial filtrate
  4. regulating blood pH
4 .
What is the role of tubular secretion in urine formation?
  1. reabsorbing water
  2. actively transporting substances into renal tubules
  3. filtrating blood
  4. controlling blood pressure
5 .
What is the primary role of the detrusor muscle during the resting stage of micturition?
  1. initiating urination
  2. relaxing the internal urethral sphincter
  3. contraction to accommodate urine
  4. involuntary control
6 .
Why is regular monitoring of urea levels essential for assessing kidney function?
  1. to detect liver disorders
  2. to assess metabolic health
  3. to identify urea deficiencies
  4. to evaluate kidney health
7 .
In the glomerular filtration process, what substances are meticulously filtered from the bloodstream into the renal tubules?
  1. oxygen and carbon dioxide
  2. water and electrolytes
  3. proteins and carbohydrates
  4. red and white blood cells
8 .
What triggers the release of erythropoietin (EPO) by the kidneys?
  1. high oxygen levels in the blood
  2. low oxygen levels in the blood
  3. elevated red blood cell count
  4. increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood
9 .
The preceptor is reviewing functions of the urinary system with the nursing student. What statement made by the nursing student would demonstrate correct understanding of functions of the urinary system?
  1. “Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that plays a crucial role in the regulation of white blood cell production.”
  2. “The release of renin into the bloodstream is prompted by conditions like increased blood flow to the kidneys or an increase in blood pressure.”
  3. “Low creatinine levels may suggest impaired kidney function.”
  4. “Urea is a nitrogenous waste product that forms in the liver during the breakdown of proteins and amino acids.”
10 .
A newly graduated nurse is reviewing with their preceptor how the urinary system maintains balance of the body’s fluids. What statement would warrant further education by the preceptor?
  1. “The glomerular filtration process serves as the initial step, in which water and electrolytes are meticulously filtered from the bloodstream into the renal tubules.”
  2. “The kidneys reclaim sodium, potassium, and water, redirecting them back into the bloodstream to prevent excessive loss during tubular reabsorption.”
  3. “The kidneys play a pivotal role in regulating acid-base balance by selectively excreting bicarbonate ions (HCO3–) and reabsorbing hydrogen ions (H+) in the renal tubules.”
  4. “Excess ions and substances that were not adequately filtered during the glomerular filtration phase are eliminated during tubular secretion.”
11 .
What age group may experience challenges related to the impact of peer influences and busy schedules on voiding patterns?
  1. infants and toddlers
  2. adolescents
  3. middle-aged adults
  4. older adults
12 .
The student nurse is reviewing drugs that affect urinary elimination with the clinical preceptor. What statement made by the nurse would warrant further education by the clinical preceptor?
  1. “Diuretics increase urine production and can lead to frequent urination.”
  2. “Anticholinergic drugs are used to treat overactive bladder and urinary incontinence.”
  3. “Calcium channel blockers may affect bladder contractility and can contribute to increased urinary elimination in some individuals.”
  4. “Alpha blockers relax smooth muscle in the prostate, improving urinary flow.”
13 .
What statement by a nursing student demonstrates a correct understanding of how pathological factors affect urinary elimination?
  1. “Elevated levels of parathyroid hormone can contribute to kidney stones.”
  2. “Hypothyroidism can lead to increased metabolism and increased kidney blood flow.”
  3. “Nephrotic syndrome pulls proteins like albumin out of the urine.”
  4. “Acute kidney injury often leads to temporary increased urine output.”
14 .
What role does the parasympathetic nervous system play in urinary elimination?
  1. regulating blood pressure
  2. initiating the fight-or-flight response
  3. enhancing voluntary muscle control
  4. promoting relaxation and facilitating bladder emptying
15 .
The nurse is evaluating a patient for urinary retention. What clinical presentation would the nurse expect to find if the patient is experiencing urinary retention?
  1. increased urinary frequency
  2. distended bladder and lower abdominal discomfort
  3. clear urine with a normal odor
  4. rapid initiation of the urine stream
16 .
The nurse preceptor asks the newly graduated nurse why it is essential for providers to employ a multifaceted approach when assessing and recognizing cues for impaired urinary elimination. What statement made by the newly graduated nurse demonstrates an accurate understanding of impaired urinary elimination?
  1. “Assessing and recognizing cues for impaired urinary elimination simplify the diagnostic process.”
  2. “Assessing and recognizing cues for impaired urinary elimination focus solely on the patient’s medical history.”
  3. “Assessing and recognizing cues for impaired urinary elimination are important for streamlining patient care.”
  4. “Assessing and recognizing cues for impaired urinary elimination assist in gaining comprehensive insights for tailored interventions and effective management.”
17 .
The nurse is preparing a patient for bladder training. What is the primary focus of bladder training for patients with impaired urinary elimination?
  1. enhancing fluid balance
  2. administering catheterization
  3. strengthening pelvic floor muscles
  4. conducting urodynamic testing
18 .
A nurse is assessing a patient who underwent urinary catheterization and irrigations. What is a potential complication associated with these procedures?
  1. development of kidney stones
  2. increased risk of urinary urgency
  3. development of nocturia
  4. trauma to the urinary tract and infection
19 .
The nurse notes an adult patient had a urinary output of 350 mL in one day. What term would the nurse use to describe this urinary volume?
  1. anuria
  2. normal
  3. oliguria
  4. polyuria
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