Review Questions
1
.
What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?
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storage of urine
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filtration of blood
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muscular contractions
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urethra expansion
2
.
What anatomical structure prevents reflux of urine into the ureters?
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trigone
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renal capsule
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nephron
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urethral sphincter
3
.
What is the primary function of glomerular filtration in the process of urine formation?
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reabsorbing essential substances
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selectively transporting ions
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filtering blood to form an initial filtrate
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regulating blood pH
4
.
What is the role of tubular secretion in urine formation?
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reabsorbing water
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actively transporting substances into renal tubules
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filtrating blood
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controlling blood pressure
5
.
What is the primary role of the detrusor muscle during the resting stage of micturition?
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initiating urination
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relaxing the internal urethral sphincter
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contraction to accommodate urine
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involuntary control
6
.
Why is regular monitoring of urea levels essential for assessing kidney function?
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to detect liver disorders
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to assess metabolic health
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to identify urea deficiencies
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to evaluate kidney health
7
.
In the glomerular filtration process, what substances are meticulously filtered from the bloodstream into the renal tubules?
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oxygen and carbon dioxide
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water and electrolytes
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proteins and carbohydrates
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red and white blood cells
8
.
What triggers the release of erythropoietin (EPO) by the kidneys?
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high oxygen levels in the blood
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low oxygen levels in the blood
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elevated red blood cell count
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increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood
9
.
The preceptor is reviewing functions of the urinary system with the nursing student. What statement made by the nursing student would demonstrate correct understanding of functions of the urinary system?
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“Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that plays a crucial role in the regulation of white blood cell production.”
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“The release of renin into the bloodstream is prompted by conditions like increased blood flow to the kidneys or an increase in blood pressure.”
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“Low creatinine levels may suggest impaired kidney function.”
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“Urea is a nitrogenous waste product that forms in the liver during the breakdown of proteins and amino acids.”
10
.
A newly graduated nurse is reviewing with their preceptor how the urinary system maintains balance of the body’s fluids. What statement would warrant further education by the preceptor?
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“The glomerular filtration process serves as the initial step, in which water and electrolytes are meticulously filtered from the bloodstream into the renal tubules.”
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“The kidneys reclaim sodium, potassium, and water, redirecting them back into the bloodstream to prevent excessive loss during tubular reabsorption.”
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“The kidneys play a pivotal role in regulating acid-base balance by selectively excreting bicarbonate ions (HCO3–) and reabsorbing hydrogen ions (H+) in the renal tubules.”
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“Excess ions and substances that were not adequately filtered during the glomerular filtration phase are eliminated during tubular secretion.”
11
.
What age group may experience challenges related to the impact of peer influences and busy schedules on voiding patterns?
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infants and toddlers
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adolescents
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middle-aged adults
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older adults
12
.
The student nurse is reviewing drugs that affect urinary elimination with the clinical preceptor. What statement made by the nurse would warrant further education by the clinical preceptor?
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“Diuretics increase urine production and can lead to frequent urination.”
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“Anticholinergic drugs are used to treat overactive bladder and urinary incontinence.”
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“Calcium channel blockers may affect bladder contractility and can contribute to increased urinary elimination in some individuals.”
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“Alpha blockers relax smooth muscle in the prostate, improving urinary flow.”
13
.
What statement by a nursing student demonstrates a correct understanding of how pathological factors affect urinary elimination?
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“Elevated levels of parathyroid hormone can contribute to kidney stones.”
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“Hypothyroidism can lead to increased metabolism and increased kidney blood flow.”
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“Nephrotic syndrome pulls proteins like albumin out of the urine.”
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“Acute kidney injury often leads to temporary increased urine output.”
14
.
What role does the parasympathetic nervous system play in urinary elimination?
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regulating blood pressure
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initiating the fight-or-flight response
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enhancing voluntary muscle control
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promoting relaxation and facilitating bladder emptying
15
.
The nurse is evaluating a patient for urinary retention. What clinical presentation would the nurse expect to find if the patient is experiencing urinary retention?
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increased urinary frequency
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distended bladder and lower abdominal discomfort
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clear urine with a normal odor
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rapid initiation of the urine stream
16
.
The nurse preceptor asks the newly graduated nurse why it is essential for providers to employ a multifaceted approach when assessing and recognizing cues for impaired urinary elimination. What statement made by the newly graduated nurse demonstrates an accurate understanding of impaired urinary elimination?
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“Assessing and recognizing cues for impaired urinary elimination simplify the diagnostic process.”
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“Assessing and recognizing cues for impaired urinary elimination focus solely on the patient’s medical history.”
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“Assessing and recognizing cues for impaired urinary elimination are important for streamlining patient care.”
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“Assessing and recognizing cues for impaired urinary elimination assist in gaining comprehensive insights for tailored interventions and effective management.”
17
.
The nurse is preparing a patient for bladder training. What is the primary focus of bladder training for patients with impaired urinary elimination?
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enhancing fluid balance
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administering catheterization
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strengthening pelvic floor muscles
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conducting urodynamic testing
18
.
A nurse is assessing a patient who underwent urinary catheterization and irrigations. What is a potential complication associated with these procedures?
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development of kidney stones
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increased risk of urinary urgency
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development of nocturia
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trauma to the urinary tract and infection
19
.
The nurse notes an adult patient had a urinary output of 350 mL in one day. What term would the nurse use to describe this urinary volume?
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anuria
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normal
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oliguria
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polyuria