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Fundamentals of Nursing

Introduction

Fundamentals of NursingIntroduction
Figure 22.1 Activity, movement, and the capacity to care for oneself help determine a person’s functional ability. Activity and movement of any kind is beneficial, including chair yoga that incorporates gentle movements, stretches, and breathing exercises to promote flexibility, strength, and relaxation. (credit: “Yoga @ Wylam” by Birmingham Public Library/Flickr, CCBY 2.0)

Chapter Outline

Introduction

What does the ability to brush your hair and get dressed have to do with the ability of human beings to move, maintain their bodily position, and be physically active? Consider the following scenario. Martina is a 75-year-old Latina female. She cared for her family and worked full time in an office job her whole life. Martina struggled with arthritis in her joints but tried not to let it bother her and did not seek treatment. She did not have time or motivation to exercise and always thought she would start after she retired. After retirement at age 65, Martina spent much time caring for her grandchildren and still did not take time to exercise. Her arthritis worsened, and she moved less and went out less often. After a stroke when she was 70, Martina could not use the right side of her body, the dominant side, for several months; she never regained full use of her right upper body. She also never fully recovered the ability to walk steadily. After several falls, she began using a wheelchair. Now she relies on home healthcare workers to assist her with activities of daily living, such as grooming and dressing.

Martina’s story is not an uncommon one. Through no fault of their own, most people do not realize the complex relationship between their bodies, physical activity, and their ability to perform the essential tasks of daily living. For nurses, however, it is critical to understand all these aspects to provide high-quality education, care, and patient advocacy. This chapter explores these related issues.

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