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Fundamentals of Nursing

Review Questions

Fundamentals of NursingReview Questions
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Review Questions

1 .
What statement describes distribution of fluid balance in the human body?
  1. Approximately two-thirds of body fluid is found in the extracellular space.
  2. Total body fluid is split evenly between the intracellular space and the extracellular space.
  3. Transcellular fluid makes up about 25 percent of total body fluid.
  4. The intracellular space has the highest percentage of total body fluid.
2 .
While assessing a new patient admission, the nurse notes that the patient has ascites and crackles in the lung fields. What fluid imbalance should the nurse suspect?
  1. hypervolemia
  2. fluid volume deficit
  3. increased transcellular fluid
  4. euvolemia
3 .
What physical exam finding would the nurse expect in a patient experiencing hyponatremia?
  1. confusion
  2. thirst
  3. muscle twitching
  4. tachycardia
4 .
What suggestion from a nursing student would be appropriate for a patient experiencing hypercalcemia?
  1. Limit fluid intake to concentrate the urine and encourage urinary excretion of calcium.
  2. Stop eating dried fruit and nuts to prevent excess calcium intake.
  3. Increase weight-bearing exercises to stop leaching of calcium from the bones.
  4. Decrease foods high in phosphorus to prevent phosphorus from binding to calcium.
5 .
What statement correctly describes the process of active transport?
  1. Active transport is dependent on solutes moving down a concentration gradient.
  2. Through active transport, the concentration of sodium and potassium remains equal across cell membranes.
  3. Oxygen and other nutrients are delivered via the capillary bed using active transport.
  4. Active transport uses energy expenditure to move solutes from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration.
6 .
What statement describes why it is important to maintain the blood pH within a narrow range?
  1. Alterations in the blood pH leads to increased vascular permeability and capillary leak.
  2. Many cellular processes do not function normally if there is an acid-base imbalance.
  3. Having an acid-base imbalance speeds up the body’s metabolism, requiring patients to consume more energy.
  4. Failure to maintain acid-base homeostasis results in accumulation of intracellular fluid.
7 .
What comment by a nurse explains why patients with acidosis are at risk for developing hyperkalemia?
  1. Intracellular potassium shifts into the extracellular space to counterbalance the net influx of positive hydrogen ions.
  2. Prolonged acidosis causes cells to lyse, releasing intracellular potassium into the extracellular fluid compartment.
  3. Potassium-containing acids interact with bases, releasing potassium.
  4. Acidosis shifts potassium from the muscles into the bloodstream to bind to bicarbonate.
8 .
What is one cause of metabolic acidosis?
  1. gastrointestinal loss of bicarbonate
  2. carbon dioxide retention secondary to hypoventilation
  3. increased secretion of hydrogen ions into the urine
  4. loss of HCL from the gastrointestinal tract
9 .
What happens to the patient’s blood acid level if the patient takes deeper, faster breaths?
  1. The patient develops respiratory acidosis.
  2. The patient’s blood acid level will not change.
  3. Respiratory alkalosis will develop.
  4. The patient’s blood pH will increase.
10 .
What is a cue that a patient has developed hyperkalemia?
  1. mental confusion
  2. increase thirst
  3. cardiac arrhythmias
  4. paresthesia
11 .
The nurse anticipates what change in urine output in a patient with a fluid volume deficit?
  1. decreased urine output
  2. no change in urine output
  3. presence of blood in urine
  4. increased urine output
12 .
What nursing intervention would the nurse use to prevent electrolyte abnormalities in a patient with chronic kidney disease?
  1. dietary education
  2. education on electrolyte supplements
  3. administration of intravenous fluid
  4. daily weights
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