Review Questions

Which of the following is not an example of an energy transformation?

1. Heating up dinner in a microwave
2. Solar panels at work
3. Formation of static electricity
4. None of the above

Which of the following is not true about enzymes?

1. They are consumed by the reactions they catalyze.
2. They are usually made of amino acids.
3. They lower the activation energy of chemical reactions.
4. Each one is specific to the particular substrate(s) to which it binds.

Energy is stored long-term in the bonds of _____ and used short-term to perform work from a(n) _____ molecule.

1. ATP : glucose
2. an anabolic molecule : catabolic molecule
3. glucose : ATP
4. a catabolic molecule : anabolic molecule

The energy currency used by cells is _____.

1. ATP
2. ADP
3. AMP
4. adenosine

The glucose that enters the glycolysis pathway is split into two molecules of _________.

1. ATP
2. phosphate
3. NADH
4. pyruvate

What do the electrons added to NAD⁺ do?

1. They become part of a fermentation pathway.
2. They go to another pathway for ATP production.
3. They energize the entry of the acetyl group into the citric acid cycle.
4. They are converted into NADP.

Chemiosmosis involves

1. the movement of electrons across the cell membrane
2. the movement of hydrogen atoms across a mitochondrial membrane
3. the movement of hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane
4. the movement of glucose through the cell membrane

Which of the following fermentation methods can occur in animal skeletal muscles?

1. lactic acid fermentation
2. alcohol fermentation
3. mixed acid fermentation
4. propionic fermentation

The cholesterol synthesized by cells uses which component of the glycolytic pathway as a starting point?

1. glucose
2. acetyl CoA
3. pyruvate
4. carbon dioxide

Beta oxidation is ________.

1. the breakdown of sugars
2. the assembly of sugars
3. the breakdown of fatty acids
4. the removal of amino groups from amino acids