Skip to ContentGo to accessibility page
OpenStax Logo
Biology

Review Questions

BiologyReview Questions

Review Questions

4.

When a dehydrated human patient needs to be given fluids intravenously, he or she is given:

  1. water, which is hypotonic with respect to body fluids
  2. saline at a concentration that is isotonic with respect to body fluids
  3. glucose because it is a non-electrolyte
  4. blood
5.

The sodium ion is at the highest concentration in:

  1. intracellular fluid
  2. extracellular fluid
  3. blood plasma
  4. none of the above
6.

Cells in a hypertonic solution tend to:

  1. shrink due to water loss
  2. swell due to water gain
  3. stay the same size due to water moving into and out of the cell at the same rate
  4. none of the above
7.

The macula densa is/are:

  1. present in the renal medulla.
  2. dense tissue present in the outer layer of the kidney.
  3. cells present in the DCT and collecting tubules.
  4. present in blood capillaries.
8.

The osmolarity of body fluids is maintained at ________.

  1. 100 mOsm
  2. 300 mOsm
  3. 1000 mOsm
  4. it is not constantly maintained
9.

The gland located at the top of the kidney is the ________ gland.

  1. adrenal
  2. pituitary
  3. thyroid
  4. thymus
10.

Active transport of K+ in Malpighian tubules ensures that:

  1. water follows K+ to make urine
  2. osmotic balance is maintained between waste matter and bodily fluids
  3. both a and b
  4. neither a nor b
11.

Contractile vacuoles in microorganisms:

  1. exclusively perform an excretory function
  2. can perform many functions, one of which is excretion of metabolic wastes
  3. originate from the cell membrane
  4. both b and c
12.

Flame cells are primitive excretory organs found in ________.

  1. arthropods
  2. annelids
  3. mammals
  4. flatworms
13.

BUN is ________.

  1. blood urea nitrogen
  2. blood uric acid nitrogen
  3. an indicator of blood volume
  4. an indicator of blood pressure
14.

Human beings accumulate ________ before excreting nitrogenous waste.

  1. nitrogen
  2. ammonia
  3. urea
  4. uric acid
15.

Renin is made by ________.

  1. granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus
  2. the kidneys
  3. the nephrons
  4. All of the above.
16.

Patients with Addison's disease ________.

  1. retain water
  2. retain salts
  3. lose salts and water
  4. have too much aldosterone
17.

Which hormone elicits the “fight or flight” response?

  1. epinephrine
  2. mineralcorticoids
  3. anti-diuretic hormone
  4. thyroxine
PreviousNext
Order a print copy
Citation/Attribution
Reuse and redistribution of this content in digital or print format:
  • This book may not be used in the training of large language models or otherwise be ingested into large language models or generative AI offerings without OpenStax's prior written permission.
  • This book uses the Creative Commons Attribution License, which means that you can reuse and modify the material only for noncommercial purposes, must attribute OpenStax, and must distribute any derivative works under the same license.
  • Any commercial printing of this textbook, including using a local or custom printer, must be approved by OpenStax, and proper citation provided.
  • OpenStax-copyrighted images, activities, assessments, and similar components of this book are subject to the same licensing – CC-BY-NC-SA. They can be used for noncommercial purposes with attribution. Commercial use requires permission.
  • Permission requests: Anyone who intends to incorporate this content (including text, images, and other components) into large language models, use it in AI offerings, use it commercially (including in print), and/or has questions about another use case is welcome to complete our reuse request form.
Attribution information
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a noncommercial print format, then you must include on every physical page the following attribution:

    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction

  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a noncommercial digital format, then for every page that includes OpenStax content, you must license the derivative work under the same CC-BY-NC-SA license as the original, and include on every digital page view the following attribution:

    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction

Citation information

The information below includes the information needed to generate citations in most major styles (APA, MLA, etc.); you must reformat and organize the information as needed to fit the requirements of the style. Use the information below to generate a citation. We recommend using a citation tool such as this one.

© Feb 14, 2022 OpenStax. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo, and Rice University name, and Rice University logo trademarks, or wordmarks are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.