Figure 37.5 Heat shock proteins (HSP) are so named because they help refold mis-folded proteins. In response to increased temperature (a “heat shock”), heat shock proteins are activated by release from the NR/HSP complex. At the same time, transcription of HSP genes is activated. Why do you think the cell responds to a heat shock by increasing the activity of proteins that help refold misfolded proteins?
Figure 37.11 Pancreatic tumors may cause excess secretion of glucagon. Type I diabetes results from the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin. Which of the following statement about these two conditions is true?
- A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will have the opposite effects on blood sugar levels.
- A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hyperglycemia.
- A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hypoglycemia.
- Both pancreatic tumors and type I diabetes result in the inability of cells to take up glucose.
Figure 37.14 Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is overactive. Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is underactive. Which of the conditions are the following two patients most likely to have?
Patient A has symptoms including weight gain, cold sensitivity, low heart rate and fatigue.
Patient B has symptoms including weight loss, profuse sweating, increased heart rate and difficulty sleeping.