Julianne Zedalis; John Eggebrecht

34 .

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are found throughout the eukaryotic world. They are complementary to each other because they each use products of the other process. Recall the components and processes involved in each pathway. Which of the following do the two pathways share?

chloroplasts and mitochondria
Photosystems I and II
the cytochrome complex
thylakoids

35 .

Evaluate the concept that there is a common ancestry for all organisms. What evidence exists that the evolution of photosynthesis and cellular respiration support this concept?

All organisms perform cellular respiration using carbon dioxide and glucose, which are produced by photosynthesis.
All organisms perform cellular respiration using oxygen and glucose, which are produced by photosynthesis.
All organisms perform cellular respiration using oxygen and lipids, which are produced by photosynthesis.
All organisms perform cellular respiration using carbon dioxide and lipids, which are produced by photosynthesis.

36 .

A chloroplast is shown. Letter A points to the outermost surface of the chloroplast. Letter E points to the inner covering directly underneath the outermost surface. Letter C points to a stack of green, flattened disks. Letter B points to the space surrounding the green stacks of flattened disks. Letter D points to a single disk within one of the stacks of flattened disks.

Correctly label the indicated parts of a chloroplast.

A. stroma, B. outer membrane, C. granum, D. thylakoid, E. inner membrane
A. outer membrane, B. stroma, C. granum, D. thylakoid, E. inner membrane
A. outer membrane, B. stroma, C. granum, D. inner membrane, E. thylakoid
A. stroma, B. outer membrane, C. inner membrane, D. granum, E. thylakoid

37 .

Compare and contrast the structures and mechanisms involved in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. What cellular features and reactions are similar in both processes?

Both processes are contained in organelles with single membranes, and both use a version of the cytochrome complex.
Both processes are contained in organelles with double membranes, and neither uses a version of the cytochrome complex.
Both processes are contained in organelles with double membranes, and both use a version of the cytochrome complex.
Both processes are contained in organelles with single membranes, and neither uses a version of the cytochrome complex.

38 .

Consider the processes involved in photosynthesis and the locations where they occur. Choose the statement that makes the best case for why the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the thylakoid.

Photosystem I is anchored to the membrane, but photosystem II is not.
The cytochrome complex requires a membrane for chemiosmosis to occur.
The light-dependent reactions depend on the presence of carbon dioxide.
Light energy is absorbed by the thylakoid membrane.

39 .

Metabolic pathways both produce and use energy to perform their reactions. To provide evidence for this claim, answer the following: How does the Calvin cycle help to harness, store, and use energy in its pathway?

The Calvin cycle harnesses energy in the form of 6 ATP and 6 NADPH that are used to produce fructose 3- phosphate (F3P) molecules. These store the energy captured from photosynthesis. The cycle uses this energy to regenerate RuBP.
The Calvin cycle harnesses energy in the form of 6 ATP and 6 NADPH that are used to produce glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GA3P) molecules. These store the energy captured from photosynthesis. The cycle uses this energy to regenerate RuBP.
The Calvin cycle harnesses energy in the form of 3 ATP and 3 NADPH that are used to produce glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GA3P) molecules. These store the energy captured from photosynthesis. The cycle uses this energy to regenerate the RuBP.
The Calvin cycle harnesses energy in the form of 6 ATP and 3 NADPH that are used to produce glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GA3P) molecules. These store energy captured from photosynthesis. The cycle uses this energy to regenerate RuBP.

40.

Based on Figure 8.18, which would most likely cause a plant to run out of NADP?

missing the ATP synthase enzyme
exposure to light
A lack of water would prevent H⁺ and NADP⁺ from forming NADPH
not enough CO₂

41 .

Consider the relationship between temperature and photosynthesis. As temperatures increase, gases such as CO₂ diffuse faster. As a result, plant leaves will lose CO₂ at a faster rate than normal. If the amount of light reaching the leaf and the amount of water available are adequate, predict how this loss of gas will affect photosynthesis in the leaf.

Loss of gases, mainly CO₂, will not affect photosynthesis in the leaf, as adequate amounts of water and light are still present which will let the Calvin cycle run smoothly.
Loss of gases, mainly CO₂, will affect photosynthesis in the leaf, as the Calvin cycle will operate faster to compensate for the loss.
Loss of gases, mainly CO₂, will not affect photosynthesis in the leaf, as stored reservoirs of CO₂ in the leaf can be utilized in such times.
Loss of gases, mainly CO₂, will affect photosynthesis in the leaf, as the Calvin cycle will slow down and possibly stop because of inadequate carbon to fix in the system.

42 .

How do the cytochrome complex components involved in photosynthesis contribute to the electron transport chain?

Photosystem I excites the electron as it moves down the electron transport chain into Photosystem II.
Plastoquinone and plastocyanine perform redox reactions that allow the electron to move down the electron transport chain into Photosystem I.
ATP synthase “de-excites” the electron as it moves down the electron transport chain into Photosystem I.
RuBisCO excites the electron as it moves down the electron transport chain into Photosystem II.

43 .

Discuss how membranes in chloroplasts contribute to the organelles’ essential functions.

The inner membrane contains the chemicals needed for the Calvin cycle and also components of the light dependent reactions. The thylakoid membrane contains photosystems I and II, as well as the enzyme $\text{NADP}^+$ reductase.
The inner membrane contains only the chemicals needed for the Calvin cycle. The thylakoid membrane contains components of the light dependent reactions, photosystems I and II, and the enzyme $\text{NADP}^+$ reductase.
The inner membrane contains components of the light dependent reactions as well as photosystems I and II. The thylakoid membrane contains the chemicals needed for the Calvin cycle and also the enzyme $\text{NADP}^+$ reductase.
The inner membrane contains the chemicals needed for the Calvin cycle, components of the light dependent reactions and photosystems I and II. The thylakoid membrane contains the enzyme $\text{NADP}^+$ reductase.

44 .

If the absorption spectrum of photosynthetic pigments was restricted to the green portion of the spectrum, which pigment or pigments would be affected the least?

carotenoids
chlorophyll a
chlorophyll b
chlorophyll c

45 .

Describe the passage of energy from light until it is captured in the primary electron acceptor.

Chlorophyll molecules in the photosystems are excited and pass the energy to the primary electron acceptor where the energy is used to excite electrons from the splitting of water.
Chlorophyll a molecules in the photosystems are excited and pass the energy to the primary electron acceptor where the energy is used to excite electrons from the splitting of water.
Chlorophyll b molecules in the photosystems are excited and pass the energy to the primary electron acceptor where the energy is used to excite electrons from the splitting of water.
Chlorophyll molecules in the photosystems absorb light and get excited in the primary electron acceptor from where the energy is used to excite electrons from the splitting of water.

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