1.
Energy can be taken in as glucose, then has to be converted to a form that can be easily used to perform work in cells. What is the name of the latter molecule?
- anabolic molecules
- cholesterol
- electrolytes
- adenosine triphosphate
2.
When cellular respiration occurs, what is the primary molecule used to store the energy that is released?
- AMP
- ATP
- mRNA
- phosphate
3.
DNA replication involves unwinding two strands of parent DNA, copying each strand to synthesize complementary strands and releasing the resulting two semi-conserved strands of DNA. Which of the following accurately describes this process?
- This is an anabolic process.
- This is a catabolic process.
- This is both an anabolic and a catabolic process.
- This is a metabolic process, but is neither anabolic nor catabolic.
4.
Which of the following is a catabolic process?
- digestion of sucrose
- dissolving sugar in water
- DNA replication
- RNA translation
5.
What food molecule used by animals for energy and obtained from plants is most directly related to the use of sun energy?
- glucose
- protein
- triglycerides
- tRNA
6.
What reaction will release the largest amount of energy to help power another reaction?
- AMP to ATP
- ATP to ADP
- DNA to proteins
- glucose to starch
7.
Consider a pendulum swinging. Which type(s) of energy is/are associated with the pendulum in the following instances:
- the moment at which it completes one cycle, just before it begins to fall back towards the other end
- the moment that it is in the middle between the two ends
- just before it reaches the end of one cycle (before step 1)
- potential and kinetic
- potential and kinetic
- kinetic
- potential
- potential and kinetic
- potential and kinetic
- potential
- kinetic
- potential and kinetic
- potential and kinetic
- kinetic
- kinetic
8.
Which of the following best describes energy?
- the transfer of genetic information
- the ability to assemble a large number of functional catalysts
- the ability to store solar output
- the ability to do work
9.
What is the ultimate source of energy on this planet?
- glucose
- plants
- metabolic pathways
- the sun
10.
Which of the following molecules is likely to have the most potential energy?
- ATP
- ADP
- glucose
- sucrose
11.
Which of the following is the best way to judge the relative activation energies between two given chemical reactions?
- Compare the values between the two reactions.
- Compare their reaction rates.
- Compare their ideal environmental conditions.
- Compare the spontaneity between the two reactions.
12.
Which of the terms in the Gibbs free energy equation denotes enthalpy?
13.
Which chemical reaction is more likely to occur?
- dehydration synthesis
- endergonic
- endothermic
- exergonic
14.
Which of the following comparisons or contrasts between endergonic and exergonic reactions is false?
- All endergonic and exergonic reactions require energy to overcome an activation barrier.
- Endergonic reactions have a positive and exergonic reactions have a negative .
- Endergonic reactions consume energy and exergonic reactions release energy.
- Endergonic reactions are not spontaneous and exergonic reactions are spontaneous.
15.
Label each of the following systems as high or low entropy:
- perfume the instant after it is sprayed into the air
- an unmaintained 1950s car compared with a brand new car
- a living cell compared with a dead cell
- low
- high
- low
- low
- high
- high
- high
- low
- high
- high
- low
- low
16.
What counteracts entropy?
- energy release
- endergonic reactions
- input of energy
- time
17.
Which of the following is the best example of the first law of thermodynamics?
- a body getting warmer after exercise
- a piece of fruit spoiling in the fridge
- a power plant burning coal and producing electricity
- an exothermic chemical reaction
18.
What is the difference between the first and second laws of thermodynamics?
- The first law involves creating energy while the second law involves expending it.
- The first law involves expending energy while the second involves creating it.
- The first law involves conserving energy while the second law involves the inability to recapture energy.
- The first law discusses creating energy while the second law discusses the energy requirement for reactions.
19.
Which best describes the effect of inputting energy into a living system?
- It decreases entropy within the system.
- It fuels catabolic reactions.
- It causes enthalpy.
- The energy is used to produce carbohydrates.
20.
Why is ATP considered the energy currency of the cell?
- It accepts energy from chemical reactions.
- It holds energy at the site of release from substrates.
- It is a protein.
- It can transport energy to locations within the cell.
21.
What is ATP made from?
- adenosine + high energy electrons
- ADP + phosphate
- AMP + ADP
- the conversion of guanine to adenosine
22.
What is true about the energy released by the hydrolosis of ATP?
- It is equal to .
- The cell harnesses it as heat energy in order to perform work.
- It is primarily stored between the alpha and beta phosphates.
- It provides energy to coupled reactions.
23.
What part of ATP is broken to release energy for use in chemical reactions?
- the adenosine molecule
- the bond between the first and second phosphates
- the bond between the first phosphate and the adenosine molecule
- the bond between the second and third phosphates
24.
An allosteric inhibitor does which of the following?
- binds to an enzyme away from the active site and changes the conformation of the active site, increasing its affinity for substrate binding
- binds to an active site and blocks it from binding substrate
- binds to an enzyme away from the active site and changes the conformation of the active site, decreasing its affinity for the substrate
- binds directly to the active site and mimics the substrate
25.
What happens if an enzyme is not functioning in a chemical reaction in a living organism that needs it?
- The reaction stops.
- The reaction proceeds, but much more slowly.
- The reaction proceeds faster without the interference.
- There is no change in the reaction rate.
26.
Which of the following is not true about enzymes?
- They increase the of reactions.
- They are usually made of amino acids.
- They lower the activation energy of chemical reactions.
- Each one is specific to the particular substrate, or substrates, to which it binds.
27.
Which of the following analogies best describe the induced-fit model of enzyme-substrate binding?
- a hug between two people
- a key fitting into a lock
- a square peg fitting through the square hole and a round peg fitting through the round hole of a children’s toy
- the fitting together of two jigsaw puzzle pieces
28.
What is the function of enzymes?
- to increase the of reactions
- to increase the of reactions
- to lower the entropy of the chemicals in the reaction
- to lower the activation energy of a reaction