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Biology for AP® Courses

Review Questions

Biology for AP® CoursesReview Questions
1 .
When viewing a specimen through a light microscope, what is a method that scientists use to make it easier to see individual components of cells?
  1. a beam of electrons
  2. high temperatures
  3. radioactive isotopes
  4. special stains
2 .
What is the basic unit of life?
  1. cell
  2. organism
  3. organ
  4. tissue
3 .
Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory?
  1. All living organisms are made of cells.
  2. All cells contain DNA that they pass on to daughter cells.
  3. All cells depend on their surroundings to provide energy.
  4. All cells have a nucleus.
4 .
Which of the following could most effectively be visualized with a scanning electron microscope?
  1. cells swimming in a drop of pond water.
  2. details of structures inside cells
  3. a three-dimensional view of the surface of a membrane
  4. the movement of molecules inside the cell
5 .
Who was the first to clearly identify and name individual cells?
  1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
  2. Matthias Schleiden
  3. Robert Hooke
  4. Theodore Schwann
6 .
Which of the following observations contributed to cell theory?
  1. Animal and plant cells have nuclei and organelles.
  2. Minerals cannot give rise to living organisms.
  3. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane.
  4. Viruses replicate.
7 .
What process is used by prokaryotes to obtain some materials and remove waste?
  1. cell division
  2. diffusion
  3. flagellar motion
  4. ribosomes
8 .
When bacteria lack fimbriae, what are they less likely to do?
  1. adhere to cell surfaces
  2. retain the ability to divide
  3. swim through bodily fluids
  4. synthesize proteins
9 .
What is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic​ cells?
  1. Both cells have a nucleus but prokaryotic cells lack cytoplasm.
  2. Both cells have cytoplasm but prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.
  3. Both cells have DNA but prokaryotic cells lack a cell membrane.
  4. Both cells have a cell membrane but prokaryotic cells lack DNA.
10 .
Eukaryotic cells contain complex organelles that carry out their chemical reactions. While prokaryotes lack many of these complex organelles, they have a variety of unique structures of their own. Most prokaryotic cells can, however, exchange nutrients with the outside environment faster than most eukaryotic cells. Why is this so?
  1. Most prokaryotic cells are smaller and have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio than eukaryotic cells.
  2. Most prokaryotic cells are larger and have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio than eukaryotic cells.
  3. Most prokaryotic cells are smaller and have a lower surface area-to-volume ratio than eukaryotic cells.
  4. Most prokaryotic cells are larger and have a lower surface area-to-volume ratio than eukaryotic cells.
11 .
Which of the following is surrounded by two phospholipid bilayers?
  1. lysosomes
  2. ribosomes
  3. nucleolus
  4. nucleoplasm
12 .
Peroxisomes got their name because hydrogen peroxide is ______.
  1. a cofactor for the organelles’ enzymes
  2. incorporated into their membranes
  3. produced during their oxidation reactions
  4. used in their detoxification reactions
13 .
In plant cells, the function of the lysosomes is carried out by what?
  1. nuclei
  2. peroxisomes
  3. ribosomes
  4. vacuole
14 .
Which of the following is found both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
  1. mitochondrion
  2. nucleus
  3. ribosomes
  4. centrosomes
15 .
Which of the following structures is not found in prokaryotic cells?
  1. plasma membrane
  2. chloroplast
  3. nucleoid
  4. ribosome
16 .
Where would you find DNA, the genetic material, in an animal cell?
  1. in the centriole
  2. only in the mitochondria
  3. in the mitochondria and the nucleus
17 .
Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest concentration of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
  1. a cell that secretes enzymes
  2. a cell that destroys pathogens
  3. a cell that makes steroid hormones
  4. a cell that engages in photosynthesis
18 .

If protein synthesis on the ribosome is interrupted, what is the next step that cannot occur?

The upper left part of this figure shows the rough E R with an integral membrane protein embedded in it. The part of the protein facing the inside of the E R has a carbohydrate attached to it. The protein is shown leaving the E R in a vesicle that fuses with the cis side of the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus consists of several layers of membranes, called cisternae. As the protein passes through the cisternae, it is further modified by the addition of more carbohydrates. Eventually, it leaves the trans face of the Golgi in a vesicle. The vesicle fuses with the cell membrane so that the carbohydrate that was on the inside of the vesicle now faces the outside of the membrane. At the same time, the contents of the vesicle are ejected from the cell.
  1. modification in the Golgi apparatus
  2. distribution in the endoplasmic reticulum
  3. modification in the endoplasmic reticulum
  4. distribution via the Golgi apparatus
19 .
Which of the following produces the energy needed for protein synthesis in the endomembrane system?
  1. endoplasmic reticulum
  2. Golgi apparatus
  3. lysosome
  4. mitochondrion
20 .
Which of the following will disassemble and reform quickly when white blood cells need to move quickly to the site of an infection?
  1. intermediate filaments and microtubules
  2. microfilaments and intermediate filaments
  3. microfilaments and microtubules
  4. only intermediate filaments
21 .
Which of the following do not play a role in intracellular movement?
  1. intermediate filaments and microtubules
  2. microfilaments and intermediate filaments
  3. microfilaments and microtubules
  4. only intermediate filaments
22 .
Which components of the cytoskeleton are responsible for the contraction of muscles?
  1. intermediate filaments
  2. microfilaments
  3. microtubules
23 .
What type of junctions prevent the movement of chemicals between two adjacent animal cells?
  1. desmosomes
  2. gap junctions
  3. plasmodesmata
  4. tight junctions
24 .
Gap junctions are formed by ________.
  1. gaps in the cell wall of plants
  2. protein complexes that form channels between cells
  3. tight, rivet-like regions in the membranes of adjacent cells
  4. a tight knitting of membranes
25 .
Some animal cells produce an extensive extracellular matrix. You would expect their ribosomes to synthesize large amounts of which of the following proteins?
  1. actin
  2. collagen
  3. myosin
  4. tubulin
26 .
Which of the following molecules will be affected if the extracellular matrix of a cell begins to break down?
  1. nucleic acids such as DNA
  2. peptidoglycans
  3. cellulose
  4. proteoglycans
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