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Biology for AP® Courses

Review Questions

Biology for AP® CoursesReview Questions
1 .
Although most types of hormones are lipid insoluble, there are some that are lipid soluble and can therefore diffuse through plasma membranes. What class of hormones can diffuse through plasma membranes?
  1. lipid-derived hormones
  2. amino acid-derived hormones
  3. peptide hormones
  4. glycoprotein
2 .
Mary produces relatively low amounts of estradiol and cortisol, but is able to produce proper amounts of other hormones such as thyroxine and insulin. Identify the chemical class of hormones that Mary has difficulty producing.
  1. lipid-derived hormones
  2. amino acid-derived hormones
  3. peptide hormones
  4. glycoprotein hormones
3 .
An endocrinologist is a physician whose specialty is treating endocrine-related disorders. Which of the following diseases would be monitored and treated by an endocrinologist?
  1. schizophrenia
  2. Alzheimer’s disease
  3. Parkinson’s disease
  4. Grave’s disease
4 .
(credit: modification of work by T. Pozefsky, et al./Semantic Scholar)

The graph shows the blood insulin levels in normal people (black line) and in people genetically more inclined to develop diabetes (prediabetic people, dashed line) after eating a meal.

Make a claim based on this graph.

  1. Prediabetic people start producing insulin later than normal people and produce less of it.
  2. Prediabetic people produce insulin at a slower rate, but produce more of it.
  3. Prediabetic people produce insulin at a slower rate and produce less of it.
  4. Prediabetic people start producing insulin later than normal people, but produce more of it.
5 .
The hormone that triggers the flight-or-fight response, epinephrine, is derived from tyrosine, and the hormone that regulates circadian rhythms, melatonin, is derived from tryptophan. What class of hormone are these?
  1. lipid-derived hormones
  2. amino acid-derived hormones
  3. peptide hormones
  4. glycoprotein hormones
6 .
A newly discovered hormone contains a chain of four linked amino acids. Classify this new hormone into one of the following categories.
  1. lipid-derived hormones
  2. amino acid-derived hormones
  3. peptide hormones
  4. glycoprotein hormones
7 .
Changes in the body can be mediated by direct or indirect mechanisms. What facilitate(s) direct mediation of change by hormones?
  1. intracellular hormone receptors
  2. cell surface receptors
  3. up-regulation
  4. down-regulation
8 .
How do thyroid hormones stimulate metabolic activity throughout the body?
  1. Specialized thyroid hormone receptor tissues are located throughout the body.
  2. Blood circulation stimulates metabolic activity.
  3. Different tissues have thyroid hormone receptors.
  4. Thyroid tissue is located throughout the body.
9 .
Different hormones have different roles in cell signaling. Identify the term for a hormone that initiates cell-signaling pathways.
  1. intracellular hormone receptor
  2. cell surface receptor
  3. first messenger
  4. second messenger
10 .
A new antagonist molecule has been discovered that binds to and blocks plasma membrane receptors. Make a claim describing the effect this antagonist will have on testosterone, which is a steroid hormone.
  1. This molecule will block testosterone from binding to its receptor.
  2. This molecule will block testosterone from activating cAMP signaling.
  3. This molecule will increase testosterone-mediated signaling.
  4. This molecule will not affect testosterone-mediated signaling.
11 .
Identify what process triggers a reduction in the number of receptors if there are elevated hormone levels.
  1. intracellular hormone receptors
  2. cell surface receptors
  3. up-regulation
  4. down-regulation
12.

Consuming certain products cause a change in urine output. This likely occurs because these products ________.

  1. inhibits ADH release
  2. stimulates ADH release
  3. inhibits TSH release
  4. stimulates TSH release
13.

FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary is stimulated by ________.

  1. TSH
  2. GnRH
  3. T3
  4. PTH
14.

What hormone is produced by beta cells of the pancreas?

  1. T3
  2. glucagon
  3. insulin
  4. T4
15.

When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates ________.

  1. excretion of calcium from the kidneys
  2. excretion of calcium from the intestines
  3. osteoblasts
  4. osteoclasts
16 .
What enzyme is released when blood pressure drops and stimulates a cascade of events for hormones that promote water reabsorption?
  1. aldosterone
  2. renin
  3. antidiuretic hormone
  4. osmoreceptors
17 .
Drinking alcoholic beverages causes an increase in urine output. This most likely occurs because alcohol ____.
  1. inhibits antidiuretic hormone release
  2. stimulates antidiuretic hormone release
  3. inhibits parathyroid hormone release
  4. stimulates parathyroid hormone release
18 .
The hypothalamus is responsible for a diverse array of metabolic and autonomic nervous system functions. For example, the hypothalamus produces ____ during puberty.
  1. follicle-stimulating hormone
  2. luteinizing hormone
  3. inhibin
  4. gonadotropin-releasing hormone
19 .
(credit: modification of work by Jose M Garcia, et al./NCBI, under CC BY 4.0 license)

The graph shows the concentration of growth hormone (GH) in younger and older people of both genders.

Make a claim based on this graph.

  1. GH production is higher in young females, compared to young males.
  2. In old people, GH production almost completely stops.
  3. GH production is slightly higher in old males, compared to old females.
  4. In young people, GH production is high all throughout the day.
20 .
Different hormones are released as short-term and long-term stress responses. ____ is/are released as a long-term stress response.
  1. Epinephrine
  2. Parathyroid hormone
  3. Corticosteroids
  4. T3 and T4
21 .
When blood calcium levels are low, parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates ________.
  1. excretion of calcium from the kidneys
  2. excretion of calcium from the intestines
  3. osteoblasts
  4. osteoclasts
22 .
If you overproduce insulin after eating a meal, you may experience ___.
  1. diabetes mellitus
  2. diabetes insipidus
  3. hyperglycemia
  4. hypoglycemia
23 .
Charlie has been diagnosed with acromegaly. Identify the symptom(s) that he may have.
  1. symmetric body formation
  2. excessive body growth
  3. enlarged hand, feet, and face bones
  4. weak bones and nervous system impairment
24 .
What hormone is produced by beta cells of the pancreas in response to elevated blood glucose levels?
  1. T3
  2. glucagon
  3. insulin
  4. T4
25 .
There are substantially more hormones that undergo a negative feedback loop than a positive feedback loop. Which of the following hormones is regulated by a positive feedback loop?
  1. thyroxine
  2. oxytocin
  3. triiodothyronine
  4. insulin
26 .
Describe what occurs if a hormone is released by a hormonal stimulus.
  1. Hormone release is stimulated by the nervous system.
  2. Hormone release is stimulated by a change in the blood.
  3. Hormone release is stimulated by the external environment.
  4. Hormone release is stimulated by another hormone.
27 .
A rise in blood glucose levels triggers release of insulin from the pancreas. What type of stimulus initiates insulin release?
  1. humoral
  2. hormonal
  3. neural
  4. negative
28 .
(credit: modification of work by Acracia/Wikipedia, under CC BY-SA 3.0 license)

Study the given feedback loop.

Which of the given relationships would hold true?

  1. GnRH decreases the production of FSH.
  2. LH decreases the production of FSH.
  3. Testesterone increases the production of GnRhH.
  4. Testesterone decreaes the production of FS.
29 .
What kind of stimulus promotes hormone release in response to ion concentrations in the blood?
  1. humoral stimulus
  2. hormonal stimulus
  3. neural stimulus
  4. negative stimulus
30 .
Which of the following endocrine glands control kidney function?
  1. thyroid glands
  2. adrenal glands
  3. gonads
  4. pancreas
31 .
The islets of Langerhans are clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas. What is the function of the islets of Langerhans?
  1. regulation of circadian rhythms
  2. regulation of secondary sex characteristics
  3. regulation of blood calcium levels
  4. regulation of blood glucose
32 .
What do adipose tissues release after a meal?
  1. erythropoietin
  2. leptin
  3. atrial natriuretic peptide
  4. gastrin
33 .
(credit: modification of work by Hartmut Kirchheim/ResearchGate)

Renin is a hormone secreted by kidneys and is important in controlling blood volume. The graph shows renin secretion against the blood pressure.

Make a claim based on this graph.

  1. An increase in blood pressure triggers renin production in the kidneys.
  2. A decrease in blood pressure has no effect on renin production.
  3. A decrease in blood pressure triggers renin production.
  4. An increase in blood pressure has no effect on renin production.
34 .
The anterior pituitary produces several hormones. Identify which of the following hormones is not produced by the anterior pituitary.
  1. oxytocin
  2. growth hormone
  3. prolactin
  4. thyroid-stimulating hormone
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