Review Questions

Students are sketching diagrams of the shoot system of angiosperms for a plant anatomy class. These lists describe diagrams made by four students. Which diagram represents the shoot system incorrectly?

An herbicide causes roots to shrivel and die. What is the most direct consequence for a plant treated with the herbicide?

Scientists label cells in the lateral meristem of a sapling with a dye to follow the developmental fate of the cells. After several weeks, sections are prepared from the sapling and observed under the microscope. Which tissues are most likely to be stained by the dye that was injected into the lateral meristem?

A lab technician is looking for a slide that shows an example of permanent tissue. Which slide is the best choice?

Which region of a plant is most likely to contribute to an increase in its length?

You are measuring the effect of a new fertilizer on the growth of lawns. Which of the following tissues should be the target of the fertilizer?

The dermal tissue of a plant provides __ for the plant.

A branch of celery is soaked in a glass of water containing food dye. Soon, the tough fibers in celery branch are colored. What tissue do the tough fibers contain?

A plant biologist is examining sections of plant tissue under the microscope. The slides are not labeled and the biologist is interested in simple tissues. Which of the following slides is a sample of a simple tissue?

Students are asked to sort tissue slides into simple and complex tissues. How should they recognize a complex tissue through the microscope?

Students are sketching diagrams of the reproductive system of angiosperms for a plant anatomy class. These lists describe diagrams made by four students. Which diagram represents the reproductive system correctly?

Plant scientists are interested in isolating meristematic tissue for an experiment. They sample several regions of a plant. Which sample is most likely to contain meristematic tissue?

This sketch of a stem shows the region to which leaves are attached. Which version of the sketch is correctly labeled?

A student examines a plant part and concludes that it is part of a stem. The presence of _____fully justifies the student’s conclusion.

A student reported vascular tissue while inspecting a cross-section of a plant stem under the microscope. Which cells would allow the student to identify vascular tissue?

While using a microscope to observe a stem section stained with a dye that binds lignin, a student notices that some cells with thick cell walls and large hollow centers are preferentially stained. He concludes that those cells belong to the ____.

Scientists are cataloguing slides of plant cross-sections. They are interested in finding examples of secondary growth. Which example contributes to secondary growth?

Where is the vascular cambium located in an established woody plant?

Dendrochronology is the science of dating the age of a tree by counting the annual rings in a tree trunk. If scientists are determining the age of a tree by dendrochronology, what tissue are they looking at?

While examining the stump of a recently cut tree, you count four thick rings alternating with four rings that are much narrower and appear denser. From this observation, you should conclude that the tree is __.

Many forms of modified organs exist in plants. What is a rhizome?

Modified organs are part of survival strategies of plants. Which of these plants has a flattened, photosynthetic stem that could be mistaken for a leaf?

Analyzing cross-sections of different parts of a plant in a plant anatomy class, students categorized the most frequently encountered types of cells in plant tissues. Which student gave the most accurate report?

A carrot is an example of a tap root. Which of these can also be classified as a tap root?

Some weeds are anchored by taproots. They cause problems to gardeners because they are ___.

One of the major concepts of biology is that form follows function. If that is so, what can be deduced from the shape and location of the root cap?

A technician is preparing microscope slides that will display the different stages of mitosis from root samples. He compares sections from several areas of the root. Which is the best prediction of his observation?

Selective uptake of minerals in the root is measured and the results are analyzed. If you analyze the data, what should you see?

Sudan Red dye stains primarily waxy, hydrophobic material. A root is soaked in Sudan Red and analyzed for stain retention. What is a scientist observing sections of the root under a microscope likely to see?

In environments where light is scarce, some plants grow on other plants to reach light. Which root system would best support this mode of life?

A section of buttercup root is stained with iodine, which stains starch blue. Where would you expect to find the blue granules indicative of starch?

Which of the following best describes a fibrous root system?

Ethylene promotes the fall of leaves by triggering the death of cells and abscission. What region of the leaf responds to ethylene?

A horticulture student is classifying plants as dicots or monocots according to their leaf structure. How is a dicot leaf recognizable?

Multiple leaves attached to the same node are fairly unusual. One example is found on the macadamia nut tree. The leaf arrangement in the macadamia tree is best characterized as ___.

You picked leaves while on a hike. One specimen appears to show an opposite arrangement. On closer inspection, you notice that those are not leaves, but leaflets attached to a midrib vein. What type of leaf arrangement are you observing?

Chlorophyll, the primary photosynthetic pigment, emits light in the red region of the visible spectrum. The presence of chlorophyll correlates with photosynthetic capacity. Under a fluorescent microscope, what part of a leaf would fluoresce in the red region of the spectrum?

A pulse of radioactive carbon dioxide (CO₂) is provided to isolated leaves. In which tissue would you expect to see radioactive glucose appear first?

Which adaptation is most likely to be found in a desert environment?

In the collection of a botanical garden, plants are classified according to the environments in which they thrive. Compare descriptions of plants and environments below. What plant in which environment would have large leaves that are covered with a thick upper cuticle, exhibit wide flat blades, and possess large air spaces (chambers) within mesophyll tissue?

If a gardener trims leaves off of the stem of a rose, which part of the leaf is cut?

On a field trip, students collect a few samples to analyze back in their classroom. One student picks a blade of grass in the field and identifies it as a dicot leaf, but his partner thinks it is a monocot. Which explanation supports his partner’s opinion?

Which of the following physical components of the total water potential cannot be manipulated by the plant because it represents the interaction between water and hydrophilic molecules lining the vessels and tracheids?

If the concentration of solute increases in a cell, the water potential will ________ inside the cell and water will move ________ the cell.

Plants can modify their water potential by opening and closing their stomata to modulate the rate of respiration according to environmental conditions. Which of the following environmental conditions would cause the stomata to close?

Plants regulate their internal water potential by opening and closing stomata. Which events take place when stomata open?

A pulse of sugars labelled with a fluorescent dye is supplied to leaves of young plants. After a brief interval, tissue sections are obtained from the plant and examined under the fluorescence microscope. Tissues are scored for the presence of fluorescence and ranked from very high to low fluorescence. Which cells would contain the most fluorescence?

Sugars produced in the leaf are distributed throughout the plant body. An experimenter supplies plants with a pulse of radiolabeled CO₂ in a control chamber. The movement of radioactively labeled sugar is monitored in the plant by analyzing different cells content over time. Where will the radiolabeled sugar appear immediately after detection in the leaf cells?

Solute potential decreases when solutes are added to a cell. The consequence is to draw water into the cell. Which of these terms corresponds to solute potential?

Plants have many light responses, including photosynthesis, photoperiodism, and phototropism (growing toward a light source). Specific wavelengths of light absorbed by different photoreceptors trigger responses. This table shows some of the most common photoreceptors and pigments and the major regions of the spectrum in which they are active. Research shows that plants bend toward blue light. Even mutant plants that lack carotenoids will bend toward blue light. The photoreceptor is likely _____.

Plant flowering is an example of photoperiodism, the response to the length of nights or periods of darkness. A plant that responds to short nights followed by increasingly longer nights will most likely flower in _____.

Gravitropism is plant growth in response to gravity. A dahlia stem was toppled by the wind and is lying on the ground. After a few days, you would likely notice that ________ .

Plants most likely detect gravity by sensing the direction in which some components respond to gravity. A mutant plant has roots that grow in all directions. Which organelle would you expect to be missing in the cell?

In an experiment to release seeds from dormancy, several hormones were applied to seeds and germination rates were computed. Which plate likely showed the highest rate of germination?

Green bananas or unripe avocadoes can be kept in a brown bag to ripen faster. What hormone is involved?

A lab teacher wants to demonstrate thigmonastic behavior of a plant. Which of these experiments is the best choice?

A lab teacher wants to demonstrate thigmotropic behavior of a plant. Which of these experiments is the best choice?

Which is a protection against microbial pathogens?

Many secondary alkaloids are poisonous to the nervous system. What organisms are targeted by the alkaloids?

Red light converts phytochrome red (Pr) to __.

Circadian rhythm refers to a pattern of behavior that recurs on a daily schedule in the absence of an external stimulus. Flowers open and close according to a circadian rhythm. If a plant is transferred to a dark environment, what will happen?