Review Questions

Which form of reproduction is thought to be best in a stable environment?

1. asexual
2. sexual
3. budding
4. parthenogenesis

Which form of reproduction can result from damage to the original animal?

1. asexual
2. fragmentation
3. budding
4. parthenogenesis

Which form of reproduction is useful to an animal with little mobility that reproduces sexually?

1. fission
2. budding
3. parthenogenesis
4. hermaphroditism

Genetically unique individuals are produced through ________.

1. sexual reproduction
2. parthenogenesis
3. budding
4. fragmentation

External fertilization occurs in which type of environment?

1. aquatic
2. forested
3. savanna
4. steppe

Which term applies to egg development within the female with nourishment derived from a yolk?

1. oviparity
2. viviparity
3. ovoviviparity
4. ovoparity

Which term applies to egg development outside the female with nourishment derived from a yolk?

1. oviparity
2. viviparity
3. ovoviviparity
4. ovovoparity

Sperm are produced in the ________.

1. scrotum
2. seminal vesicles
3. seminiferous tubules
4. prostate gland

Most of the semen is made by the ________ in the reproductive system.

1. scrotum
2. seminal vesicles
3. seminiferous tubules
4. prostate gland

Which of the following cells in spermatogenesis is diploid?

1. primary spermatocyte
2. secondary spermatocyte
3. spermatid
4. sperm

Which organ has the same embryonic origin as the penis?

1. clitoris
2. labia majora
3. greater vestibular glands
4. vagina

Which organ has an endometrial lining that will support a developing baby?

1. labia minora
2. breast
3. ovaries
4. uterus

How many eggs are produced as a result of one meiotic series of cell divisions?

1. one
2. two
3. three
4. four

Which hormone causes Leydig cells to make testosterone?

1. FSH
2. LH
3. inhibin
4. estrogen

Which hormone causes FSH and LH to be released?

1. testosterone
2. estrogen
3. GnRH
4. progesterone

Which hormone signals ovulation?

1. FSH
2. LH
3. inhibin
4. estrogen

Which hormone causes the regrowth of the endometrial lining of the uterus?

1. testosterone
2. estrogen
3. GnRH
4. progesterone

Nutrient and waste requirements for the developing fetus are handled during the first few weeks by:

1. the placenta
2. diffusion through the endometrium
3. the chorion
4. the blastocyst

Progesterone is made during the third trimester by the:

1. placenta
2. endometrial lining
3. chorion
4. corpus luteum

Which of these methods is regarded as permanent contraception?

1. condom
2. oral hormonal methods
3. sterilization
4. abstinence

Which type of short term contraceptive method is generally more effective than others?

1. barrier
2. hormonal
3. natural family planning
4. withdrawal

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the contractions during labor?

1. oxytocin
2. estrogen
3. β-HCG
4. progesterone

Major organs begin to develop during which part of human gestation?

1. fertilization
2. first trimester
3. second trimester
4. third trimester

Which of the following is false?

1. The endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm are germ layers.
2. The trophoblast is a germ layer.
3. The inner cell mass is a source of embryonic stem cells.
4. The blastula is often a hollow ball of cells.

During cleavage, the mass of cells:

1. increases
2. decreases
3. doubles with every cell division
4. does not change significantly

Which of the following gives rise to the skin cells?

1. ectoderm
2. endoderm
3. mesoderm
4. none of the above

The ribs form from the ________.

1. notochord
2. neural plate
3. neural tube
4. somites