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Anatomy and Physiology

Key Terms

Anatomy and PhysiologyKey Terms

antidiuretic hormone (ADH): also known as vasopressin, a hormone that increases the volume of water reabsorbed from the collecting tubules of the kidney

dehydration: state of containing insufficient water in blood and other tissues

dihydroxyvitamin D: active form of vitamin D required by the intestinal epithelial cells for the absorption of calcium

diuresis: excess production of urine

extracellular fluid (ECF): fluid exterior to cells; includes the interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and fluids found in other reservoirs in the body

fluid compartment: fluid inside all cells of the body constitutes a compartment system that is largely segregated from other systems

hydrostatic pressure: pressure exerted by a fluid against a wall, caused by its own weight or pumping force

hypercalcemia: abnormally increased blood levels of calcium

hypercapnia: abnormally elevated blood levels of CO₂

hyperchloremia: higher-than-normal blood chloride levels

hyperkalemia: higher-than-normal blood potassium levels

hypernatremia: abnormal increase in blood sodium levels

hyperphosphatemia: abnormally increased blood phosphate levels

hypocalcemia: abnormally low blood levels of calcium

hypocapnia: abnormally low blood levels of CO₂

hypochloremia: lower-than-normal blood chloride levels

hypokalemia: abnormally decreased blood levels of potassium

hyponatremia: lower-than-normal levels of sodium in the blood

hypophosphatemia: abnormally low blood phosphate levels

interstitial fluid (IF): fluid in the small spaces between cells not contained within blood vessels

intracellular fluid (ICF): fluid in the cytosol of cells

metabolic acidosis: condition wherein a deficiency of bicarbonate causes the blood to be overly acidic

metabolic alkalosis: condition wherein an excess of bicarbonate causes the blood to be overly alkaline

plasma osmolality: ratio of solutes to a volume of solvent in the plasma; plasma osmolality reflects a person’s state of hydration

respiratory acidosis: condition wherein an excess of carbonic acid or CO₂ causes the blood to be overly acidic

respiratory alkalosis: condition wherein a deficiency of carbonic acid/CO₂ levels causes the blood to be overly alkaline

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- Authors: J. Gordon Betts, Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Eddie Johnson, Brandon Poe, Dean H. Kruse, Oksana Korol, Jody E. Johnson, Mark Womble, Peter DeSaix
- Publisher/website: OpenStax
- Book title: Anatomy and Physiology
- Publication date: Apr 25, 2013
- Location: Houston, Texas
- Book URL: https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction
- Section URL: https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/26-key-terms

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