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Anatomy and Physiology

Key Terms

Anatomy and PhysiologyKey Terms

Key Terms

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
also known as vasopressin, a hormone that increases the volume of water reabsorbed from the collecting tubules of the kidney
dehydration
state of containing insufficient water in blood and other tissues
dihydroxyvitamin D
active form of vitamin D required by the intestinal epithelial cells for the absorption of calcium
diuresis
excess production of urine
extracellular fluid (ECF)
fluid exterior to cells; includes the interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and fluids found in other reservoirs in the body
fluid compartment
fluid inside all cells of the body constitutes a compartment system that is largely segregated from other systems
hydrostatic pressure
pressure exerted by a fluid against a wall, caused by its own weight or pumping force
hypercalcemia
abnormally increased blood levels of calcium
hypercapnia
abnormally elevated blood levels of CO2
hyperchloremia
higher-than-normal blood chloride levels
hyperkalemia
higher-than-normal blood potassium levels
hypernatremia
abnormal increase in blood sodium levels
hyperphosphatemia
abnormally increased blood phosphate levels
hypocalcemia
abnormally low blood levels of calcium
hypocapnia
abnormally low blood levels of CO2
hypochloremia
lower-than-normal blood chloride levels
hypokalemia
abnormally decreased blood levels of potassium
hyponatremia
lower-than-normal levels of sodium in the blood
hypophosphatemia
abnormally low blood phosphate levels
interstitial fluid (IF)
fluid in the small spaces between cells not contained within blood vessels
intracellular fluid (ICF)
fluid in the cytosol of cells
metabolic acidosis
condition wherein a deficiency of bicarbonate causes the blood to be overly acidic
metabolic alkalosis
condition wherein an excess of bicarbonate causes the blood to be overly alkaline
plasma osmolality
ratio of solutes to a volume of solvent in the plasma; plasma osmolality reflects a person’s state of hydration
respiratory acidosis
condition wherein an excess of carbonic acid or CO2 causes the blood to be overly acidic
respiratory alkalosis
condition wherein a deficiency of carbonic acid/CO2 levels causes the blood to be overly alkaline
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