Key Terms
- Boxers
- members of the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, an anti-foreign secret society in northern China
- Congo Free State
- a personal colony of Belgium’s King Leopold II where infamous abuse of African laborers took place
- deindustrialization
- a decline in a nation’s or region’s industrial activity
- export economy
- an economy that primarily provides raw materials for use by other nations
- Force Publique
- a native army commanded by European officers to enforce brutal discipline in the Congo Free State
- imperialism
- the policy of gaining direct or indirect control over parts of the world with low-cost resources and no competing mass-produced goods
- Meiji Restoration
- the period beginning in 1868 when, under Emperor Meiji, Japan began to industrialize
- Scramble for Africa
- the competition among European countries to establish colonies in Africa in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
- shogunate
- a Japanese system in which a military leader, the shogun, and an aristocratic military elite, the samurai, ruled in place of the emperor
- The Great Game
- the contest between Britain and Russia to dominate central Asia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries