Review Questions
1
.
How did members of the ulama engage in debates and collaboration across the Muslim world?
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trade contracts
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correspondence
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poll taxes
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caravansaries
2
.
Which of the following was true of trade across the Islamic world?
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Dhimmis were prohibited from participating in trade.
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Trade helped expand the reach of Islam.
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Markets lacked a uniform system of weights and measures.
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Merchants operated outside the rules of sharia.
3
.
What did Muslim traders often rely on to avoid having to carry large amounts of gold over great distances?
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market inspectors
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caravansaries
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letters of credit
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sharia
4
.
Why might governments in states along trading routes have sponsored caravansaries?
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They needed them to issue letters of credit.
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They required them to verify business contracts.
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They used them to discourage dhimmis from trading.
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They wanted to encourage trade across their lands.
5
.
What technological innovation demonstrates the relationship between Islamic practice and technological innovation?
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the use of trigonometry to calculate the qibla
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the use of artillery in the siege of Constantinople
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the use of Portuguese observations to create a world map
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the use of the arquebus for Mughal warfare
6
.
What was the system of enslaving young men from villages in the Balkans and putting them into state service known as?
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vaqf
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millet system
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devshirme
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Sultanate of Women
7
.
What was an achievement of Sultan Suleiman’s reign?
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the conquest of Constantinople and the destruction of the Byzantine Empire
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the establishment of government-supported schools for children of all religions
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the destruction of the Topkapi Palace
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the creation of a unified legal code that applied to all parts of the empire
8
.
What best describes scientific and technological study under the Ottomans?
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Ottoman scientists considered scientific study a form of religious devotion and conducted research in a variety of areas, especially medicine and astronomy.
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Science was strictly controlled by religious authorities, who could suppress discoveries that contradicted religious doctrine.
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Scientific research was restricted to Muslims; bright students who were members of a millet had to convert to Islam to participate.
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Ottoman military technology got better over time, but weaponry became heavier and required new methods of transportation.
9
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Which of the following accurately describes the Sultanate of Women?
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Sultan Suleiman I decided to appoint a woman as his successor in order to confound and confuse his rivals, the Habsburg and the Safavids.
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Women, usually the wives or mothers of the reigning sultan, were now able to exert considerable influence at court.
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A matriarchal queendom was established in eastern Anatolia to exert military and social pressure on the Caucasus and Safavid Iran.
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Most of the businesses and major institutions in the Grand Bazaar were owned by women, and they achieved political influence as a result.
10
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How did the Safavids emerge?
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as the legitimate political heirs to Tamerlane
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as a religious movement
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by conquering Iran on behalf of the Ottomans
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by conquering Iran on behalf of the Uzbeks
11
.
What did Shah Ismail claim about himself?
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that he was descended from Adam, Muhammad, and Ali
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that he was the long-awaited twelfth imam
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that he was divine
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that he was heir to the Ottoman throne
12
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What tenet would a student in a Shia religious school be least likely to learn?
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The “Four Rightly Guided” caliphs should be respected as the first imams.
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Jesus will appear to herald the Day of Judgment, accompanied by the twelfth Shia imam.
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The leader of the ummah should be a descendant of Muhammad.
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The Quran is the most sacred text of Islam.
13
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What best describes the way the Safavid shahs dealt with groups competing for political power and influence at court?
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They awarded positions based on hereditary descent from the previous job holder.
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They gave control of the military to the Qizilbash and served only in an advisory capacity.
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They enslaved men from the Caucasus and employed them as soldiers to temper the power of the Qizilbash.
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They heavily preferred ethnic Persians in administrative positions.
14
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Why did Abbas relocate his capital to Isfahan?
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It was close to trade outposts on the Mediterranean coast.
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It was far from the war front with the Ottomans.
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It was near the migratory paths of the game birds Abbas liked to hunt.
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It was ideally situated between two major rivers.