- Balfour Declaration
- a 1917 statement by British foreign secretary Alfred Balfour publicly supporting the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine
- Beer Hall Putsch
- a 1923 attempt by Adolf Hitler and his followers to take over the city of Munich
- collectivization
- the taking over of agriculture by a national government
- fascism
- a political movement focused on transforming citizens into committed nationalists striving for unity and racial purity to remedy a perceived national decline
- Five-Year Plans
- domestic plans adopted by the Soviet Union in the 1930s to target industrial and agricultural output goals that were usually unrealistic
- flapper
- woman of the 1920s who embraced an independent lifestyle while wearing shorter skirts and hairstyles
- gold standard
- a monetary system in which the value of a country’s currency is tied directly to the value of gold
- gross domestic product (GDP)
- the value of all the goods and services a country produces in one year
- Guomindang
- the Chinese Nationalist Party founded by Sun Yat-sen and later led by Chiang Kai-shek
- Irish Free State
- a state formed by the twenty-six southern counties in Ireland and later called Ireland
- Kellogg-Briand Pact
- a 1928 treaty signed by more than sixty countries to renounce war as a foreign policy tool
- League of Nations
- a multinational organization created by the 1919 Treaty of Versailles to promote the goal of collective security
- Long March
- a northward march of communist supporters led by Mao Zedong that saved them from extermination by the Guomindang
- mandate system
- a system in which control of an area was transferred from one government to another under the oversight of the League of Nations
- New Deal
- a U.S. program of economic reform under Franklin Roosevelt that created work-relief programs
- New Economic Policy (NEP)
- Lenin’s policy that introduced some aspects of capitalism in response to hardships and growing discontent among the Russian people
- New Negro movement
- a movement that developed in the 1920s as African Americans agitated for increased civil rights
- Pan-African movement
- a movement based on the idea that all people in Africa could work together to achieve greater independence
- reparations
- monetary payments to be made to the Allied nations by Germany to compensate for destruction they suffered in the war
- Salt March
- a two-hundred-mile march led by Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi in India in 1930 to protest the British prohibition on collecting salt and the heavy taxes on its purchase
- Schutzstaffel (SS)
- German Nazi paramilitary organization designed for security and intimidation
- Sinn Féin
- a political party organized in 1905 that argued for greater sovereignty for Ireland
- socialist realism
- an artistic movement in the Soviet Union that took the worker as a subject and was about patriotism as much as art
- suffragist
- a person who protested in favor of women’s right to vote
- totalitarianism
- a form of government in which the state controls all aspects of a person’s life
- Treaty of Versailles
- a 1919 treaty that formally ended World War I, redrew the map of Europe, and created the League of Nations