Review Questions
1
.
How did the noblewoman Cornelia represent traditional Roman values of femininity?
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She remarried immediately after becoming a widow.
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She was punished under Augustus’s law against adultery.
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She entered politics and had much influence on legislation concerning marriage.
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She devoted herself to raising her children above all else.
2
.
What was the toga virilis?
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a garment worn by senators who had recently come into office
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a veil worn by girls during their wedding ceremony
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a garment worn by boys to mark the transition into manhood and citizenship
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a shawl worn at funeral processions to honor the dead
3
.
What characterized Romans’ relationship to their ancestors?
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Ancestors were viewed with skepticism and apprehension.
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Ancestors served as examples of correct moral behavior.
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Ancestors were quickly forgotten after their funeral parades.
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Ancestors of emperors were the only ones viewed favorably.
4
.
In what sort of occupations did freed people typically serve?
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government and magistrate positions
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professions in trade, agriculture, or education
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military commanders and officers
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trainers at gladiatorial schools
5
.
How did rural life under slavery compare to experiences in the city?
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Enslaved people in rural areas worked only on large villas.
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Life under slavery in rural areas was harsh and offered fewer advantages.
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Enslaved people in rural areas were granted full Roman citizenship.
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There were no enslaved people in rural settings.
6
.
What was the most common source of enslaved people?
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abandoned infants
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family members who were sold into bondage
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members of gladiatorial schools
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people who were enslaved during wartime conquest
7
.
What is a likely modern analogy for the Roman gladiator?
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football players
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political leaders
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workers
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artisans
8
.
How did Diocletian reform the Roman tax system?
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He taxed provincials on the amount of olive oil they exported.
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He introduced an agricultural land tax.
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He forbade land from being taxed in any way.
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He taxed shipowners by the weight of grain their ships carried.
9
.
What was the nature of Augustus’s inheritance tax?
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It taxed the inheritance of veteran soldiers after a period of service.
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It taxed money inherited by publicani in certain provinces.
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It taxed patrons who had a certain number of clients.
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It taxed inheritances received from persons outside the immediate family.
10
.
Why was proximity to a seaport important to Roman trade?
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Shipping by sea was less expensive than by land.
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No road network existed outside Italy.
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Shipowners had a monopoly on the entire trade network.
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Romans were interested only in luxury goods from overseas.
11
.
What was an important feature of Roman mystery cults?
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strict devotion to the leader of the group
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adherence to worship of multiple deities
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hierarchical structure of initiation
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use of curse tablets to appease a deity
12
.
How did the imperial cult venerate a living emperor?
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by sacrificing on behalf of the emperor’s well-being
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by converting to Christianity
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by worshipping the emperor only when he was outside the city
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by sacrificing to the emperor in secret
13
.
What did the Edict of Milan accomplish?
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It established Milan as the capital of Constantine’s empire.
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It made Christianity the official state religion.
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It outlawed animal sacrifice in Rome.
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It legalized Christianity.
14
.
How could a person obtain Roman citizenship?
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It was given to provincial governors after a period of service.
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It was given to those who returned from exile.
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It was given to a person whose parents were both citizens.
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It was given to gladiators who had won a certain number of matches.
15
.
How did the Romans fortify the frontier in Britain?
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They built only luxurious villas there.
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They refused to buy goods produced by non-Roman locals.
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They forced locals to join the Roman army.
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They built forts, camps, and walls.
16
.
What does the Arch of Titus in Rome commemorate?
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the end of the riots in Alexandria
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the extension of citizenship to all free residents of the empire
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the Roman victory over the Jewish rebellion in Judaea
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the victory of Titus in a gladiatorial match in the Colosseum