Application and Reflection Questions
1
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How might the history of Africa have been different if the Sahara did not exist and the savanna region extended up to the Mediterranean coast?
2
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Which African groups likely benefited most from the spread of new belief systems during the Middle Ages? Which probably benefited least? In both cases, why?
3
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How did trade connect West Africa to a wider network that included Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East? What did this mean for the development of the region?
4
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What evidence do we have of the wealth and power of the medieval kingdoms in southern Africa? Why are these kingdoms important?
5
.
Compare the territory of Songhai to that of Ghana and Mali. Why are the three empires oriented differently and different in size?
6
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How were the Almoravid and Almohad movements both reformist and reactionary?
7
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In what ways were the Bantu kingdoms of Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe similar and dissimilar to the West African Sahelian kingdoms?