Application and Reflection Questions
1
.
What were the most important historical influences on the formation of Muhammad’s community, and what was their impact on Islam?
2
.
What made Islam different from Judaism and Christianity as a monotheistic religion in the region?
3
.
Why were some religious communities of the Middle East accepting of Muslim rule despite not converting to Islam themselves?
4
.
What benefits were provided by the early Umayyads’ decision to run their empire like that of the Byzantines and Sasanian Persians? Why did they change?
5
.
Who were the minority communities of the early medieval Middle East? What did it mean to be a minority?
6
.
What did the process of cultural conversion by non-Muslims during the first centuries of Islamic history look like?