Key Equations

University Physics Volume 3Key Equations

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Key Equations

Momentum of a charged particle in a cyclotron	$p = 0.3 B r$
Center-of-mass energy of a colliding beam machine	$W^{2} = 2 [E_{1} E_{2} + (p_{1} c) (p_{2} c)] + {(m_{1} c^{2})}^{2} + {(m_{2} c^{2})}^{2}$
Approximate time for exchange of a virtual particle between two other particles	$Δ t = \frac{h}{E}$
Hubble’s law	$v = H_{0} d$
Cosmological space-time metric	$d s^{2} = c^{2} d t^{2} - a {(t)}^{2} d Σ^{2}$

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- Authors: Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny, William Moebs
- Publisher/website: OpenStax
- Book title: University Physics Volume 3
- Publication date: Sep 29, 2016
- Location: Houston, Texas
- Book URL: https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-3/pages/1-introduction
- Section URL: https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-3/pages/11-key-equations

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