Key Terms

Key Terms

cosmic rays

comprised of particles that originate mainly from outside the solar system and reach Earth

cyclotron

device used to accelerate charged particles to large kinetic energies

dees

large metal containers used in cyclotrons that serve contain a stream of charged particles as their speed is increased

gauss

G, unit of the magnetic field strength; $1\text{G}={10}^{\mathrm{-4}}\text{T}$

Hall effect

creation of voltage across a current-carrying conductor by a magnetic field

helical motion

superposition of circular motion with a straight-line motion that is followed by a charged particle moving in a region of magnetic field at an angle to the field

magnetic dipole

closed-current loop

magnetic dipole moment

term IA of the magnetic dipole, also called $\mu$

magnetic field lines

continuous curves that show the direction of a magnetic field; these lines point in the same direction as a compass points, toward the magnetic south pole of a bar magnet

magnetic force

force applied to a charged particle moving through a magnetic field

mass spectrometer

device that separates ions according to their charge-to-mass ratios

motor (dc)

loop of wire in a magnetic field; when current is passed through the loops, the magnetic field exerts torque on the loops, which rotates a shaft; electrical energy is converted into mechanical work in the process

north magnetic pole

currently where a compass points to north, near the geographic North Pole; this is the effective south pole of a bar magnet but has flipped between the effective north and south poles of a bar magnet multiple times over the age of Earth

right-hand rule-1

using your right hand to determine the direction of either the magnetic force, velocity of a charged particle, or magnetic field

south magnetic pole

currently where a compass points to the south, near the geographic South Pole; this is the effective north pole of a bar magnet but has flipped just like the north magnetic pole

tesla

SI unit for magnetic field: 1 T = 1 N/A-m

velocity selector

apparatus where the crossed electric and magnetic fields produce equal and opposite forces on a charged particle moving with a specific velocity; this particle moves through the velocity selector not affected by either field while particles moving with different velocities are deflected by the apparatus