Key Terms
- cosmic rays
- comprised of particles that originate mainly from outside the solar system and reach Earth
- cyclotron
- device used to accelerate charged particles to large kinetic energies
- dees
- large metal containers used in cyclotrons that serve contain a stream of charged particles as their speed is increased
- gauss
- G, unit of the magnetic field strength;
- Hall effect
- creation of voltage across a current-carrying conductor by a magnetic field
- helical motion
- superposition of circular motion with a straight-line motion that is followed by a charged particle moving in a region of magnetic field at an angle to the field
- magnetic dipole
- closed-current loop
- magnetic dipole moment
- term IA of the magnetic dipole, also called
- magnetic field lines
- continuous curves that show the direction of a magnetic field; these lines point in the same direction as a compass points, toward the magnetic south pole of a bar magnet
- magnetic force
- force applied to a charged particle moving through a magnetic field
- mass spectrometer
- device that separates ions according to their charge-to-mass ratios
- motor (dc)
- loop of wire in a magnetic field; when current is passed through the loops, the magnetic field exerts torque on the loops, which rotates a shaft; electrical energy is converted into mechanical work in the process
- north magnetic pole
- currently where a compass points to north, near the geographic North Pole; this is the effective south pole of a bar magnet but has flipped between the effective north and south poles of a bar magnet multiple times over the age of Earth
- right-hand rule-1
- using your right hand to determine the direction of either the magnetic force, velocity of a charged particle, or magnetic field
- south magnetic pole
- currently where a compass points to the south, near the geographic South Pole; this is the effective north pole of a bar magnet but has flipped just like the north magnetic pole
- tesla
- SI unit for magnetic field: 1 T = 1 N/A-m
- velocity selector
- apparatus where the crossed electric and magnetic fields produce equal and opposite forces on a charged particle moving with a specific velocity; this particle moves through the velocity selector not affected by either field while particles moving with different velocities are deflected by the apparatus