13.1 One-Way ANOVA
Use the following information to answer the next five exercises. There are five basic assumptions that must be fulfilled to perform a one-way ANOVA test. What are they?
Write another assumption.
Write a fourth assumption.
State the null hypothesis for a one-way ANOVA test if there are four groups.
When do you use an ANOVA test?
13.2 The F Distribution and the F Ratio
Use the following information to answer the next seven exercises. Groups of men from three different areas of the country are to be tested for mean weight. The entries in Table 13.13 are the weights for the different groups.
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 |
|---|---|---|
| 216 | 202 | 170 |
| 198 | 213 | 165 |
| 240 | 284 | 182 |
| 187 | 228 | 197 |
| 176 | 210 | 201 |
What is the sum of squares error?
What is the df for the denominator?
What is the mean square error?
Use the following information to answer the next eight exercises. Girls from four different soccer teams are to be tested for mean goals scored per game. The entries in Table 13.14 are the goals per game for the different teams.
| Team 1 | Team 2 | Team 3 | Team 4 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| 3 | 4 | 0 | 3 |
| 2 | 4 | 0 | 2 |
What is SSbetween?
What is MSbetween?
What is the df for the denominator?
What is the F statistic?
Judging by the F statistic, do you think it is likely or unlikely that you will reject the null hypothesis?
13.3 Facts About the F Distribution
An F statistic can have what values?
What happens to the curves as the degrees of freedom for the numerator and the denominator get larger?
Use the following information to answer the next seven exercises. Four basketball teams took a random sample of players regarding how high each player can jump (in inches). The results are shown in Table 13.15.
| Team 1 | Team 2 | Team 3 | Team 4 | Team 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36 | 32 | 48 | 38 | 41 |
| 42 | 35 | 50 | 44 | 39 |
| 51 | 38 | 39 | 46 | 40 |
What is the df(num)?
What are the sum of squares and mean squares factors?
What is the F statistic?
At the 5 percent significance level, is there a difference in the mean jump heights among the teams?
Use the following information to answer the next seven exercises. A video game developer is testing a new game on three different groups. Each group represents a different target market for the game. The developer collects scores from a random sample from each group. The results are shown in Table 13.16.
| Group A | Group B | Group C |
|---|---|---|
| 101 | 151 | 101 |
| 108 | 149 | 109 |
| 98 | 160 | 198 |
| 107 | 112 | 186 |
| 111 | 126 | 160 |
What is the df(denom)?
What are the SSwithin and MSwithin?
What is the p-value?
Use the following information to answer the next three exercises. Suppose a group is interested in determining whether teenagers obtain their drivers licenses at approximately the same average age across the country. Suppose that the following data are randomly collected from five teenagers in each region of the country. The numbers represent the age at which teenagers obtained their drivers licenses.
| Northeast | South | West | Central | East | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16.3 | 16.9 | 16.4 | 16.2 | 17.1 | |
| 16.1 | 16.5 | 16.5 | 16.6 | 17.2 | |
| 16.4 | 16.4 | 16.6 | 16.5 | 16.6 | |
| 16.5 | 16.2 | 16.1 | 16.4 | 16.8 | |
| ________ | ________ | ________ | ________ | ________ | |
| ________ | ________ | ________ | ________ | ________ |
Enter the data into your calculator or computer.
p-value = ______
State the decisions and conclusions (in complete sentences) for the following preconceived levels of α.
α = 0.05
a. Decision: ____________________________
b. Conclusion: ____________________________
α = 0.01
a. Decision: ____________________________
b. Conclusion: ____________________________
13.4 Test of Two Variances
Use the following information to answer the next two exercises. There are two assumptions that must be true to perform an F test of two variances.
What is the other assumption that must be true?
Use the following information to answer the next seven exercises. Two coworkers commute from the same building. They are interested in whether there is any variation in the time it takes them to drive to work. They each record their times for 20 commutes. The first worker’s times have a variance of 12.1. The second worker’s times have a variance of 16.9. The first worker thinks that he is more consistent with his commute times. Test the claim at the 10 percent level. Assume that commute times are normally distributed.
What is s1 in this problem?
What is n?
What is the p-value?
Use the following information to answer the next four exercises. Two students are interested in whether there is variation in their test scores for math class. There are 15 total math tests they have taken so far. The first student’s grades have a standard deviation of 38.1. The second student’s grades have a standard deviation of 22.5. The second student thinks his scores are more consistent.
State the null and alternative hypotheses.
What is the p-value?
Use the following information to answer the next three exercises. Two cyclists are comparing the variances of their overall paces going uphill. Each cyclist records his or her speeds going up 35 hills. The first cyclist has a variance of 23.8, and the second cyclist has a variance of 32.1. The cyclists want to see if their variances are the same or different. Assume that speeds are normally distributed.
State the null and alternative hypotheses.
At the 5 percent significance level, what can we say about the cyclists’ variances?