Review Questions

Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on the study of ________.

1. human development
2. human thinking
3. human behavior
4. human society

Which of the following is an example of a prototype for the concept of leadership on an athletic team?

1. the equipment manager
2. the scorekeeper
3. the team captain
4. the quietest member of the team

Which of the following is an example of an artificial concept?

1. mammals
2. a triangle’s area
3. gemstones
4. teachers

An event schema is also known as a cognitive ________.

1. stereotype
2. concept
3. script
4. prototype

________ provides general principles for organizing words into meaningful sentences.

1. Linguistic determinism
2. Lexicon
3. Semantics
4. Syntax

________ are the smallest unit of language that carry meaning.

1. Lexicon
2. Phonemes
3. Morphemes
4. Syntax

The meaning of words and phrases is determined by applying the rules of ________.

1. lexicon
2. phonemes
3. overgeneralization
4. semantics

________ is (are) the basic sound units of a spoken language.

1. Syntax
2. Phonemes
3. Morphemes
4. Grammar

A specific formula for solving a problem is called ________.

1. an algorithm
2. a heuristic
3. a mental set
4. trial and error

A mental shortcut in the form of a general problem-solving framework is called ________.

1. an algorithm
2. a heuristic
3. a mental set
4. trial and error

Which type of bias involves becoming fixated on a single trait of a problem?

1. anchoring bias
2. confirmation bias
3. representative bias
4. availability bias

Which type of bias involves relying on a false stereotype to make a decision?

1. anchoring bias
2. confirmation bias
3. representative bias
4. availability bias

Fluid intelligence is characterized by ________.

1. being able to recall information
2. being able to create new products
3. being able to understand and communicate with different cultures
4. being able to see complex relationships and solve problems

Which of the following is not one of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences?

1. creative
2. spatial
3. linguistic
4. musical

Which theorist put forth the triarchic theory of intelligence?

1. Goleman
2. Gardner
3. Sternberg
4. Steitz

When you are examining data to look for trends, which type of intelligence are you using most?

1. practical
2. analytical
3. emotional
4. creative

In order for a test to be normed and standardized it must be tested on ________.

1. a group of same-age peers
2. a representative sample
3. children with mental disabilities
4. children of average intelligence

The mean score for a person with an average IQ is ________.

1. 70
2. 130
3. 85
4. 100

Who developed the IQ test most widely used today?

1. Sir Francis Galton
2. Alfred Binet
3. Louis Terman
4. David Wechsler

The DSM-5 now uses ________ as a diagnostic label for what was once referred to as mental retardation.

1. autism and developmental disabilities
2. lowered intelligence
3. intellectual disability
4. cognitive disruption

Where does high intelligence come from?

1. genetics
2. environment
3. both A and B
4. neither A nor B

Arthur Jensen believed that ________.

1. genetics was solely responsible for intelligence
2. environment was solely responsible for intelligence
3. intelligence level was determined by race
4. IQ tests do not take socioeconomic status into account

What is a learning disability?

1. a developmental disorder
2. a neurological disorder
3. an emotional disorder
4. an intellectual disorder

Which of the following statements is true?

1. Poverty always affects whether individuals are able to reach their full intellectual potential.
2. An individual’s intelligence is determined solely by the intelligence levels of his siblings.
3. The environment in which an individual is raised is the strongest predictor of her future intelligence
4. There are many factors working together to influence an individual’s intelligence level.