Review Questions

The body’s biological clock is located in the ________.

1. hippocampus
2. thalamus
3. hypothalamus
4. pituitary gland

________ occurs when there is a chronic deficiency in sleep.

1. jet lag
2. rotating shift work
3. circadian rhythm
4. sleep debt

________ cycles occur roughly once every 24 hours.

1. biological
2. circadian
3. rotating
4. conscious

________ is one way in which people can help reset their biological clocks.

1. Light-dark exposure
2. coffee consumption
3. alcohol consumption
4. napping

Growth hormone is secreted by the ________ while we sleep.

1. pineal gland
2. thyroid
3. pituitary gland
4. pancreas

The ________ plays a role in controlling slow-wave sleep.

1. hypothalamus
2. thalamus
3. pons
4. both a and b

________ is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays a role in regulating biological rhythms and immune function.

1. growth hormone
2. melatonin
3. LH
4. FSH

________ appears to be especially important for enhanced performance on recently learned tasks.

1. melatonin
2. slow-wave sleep
3. sleep deprivation
4. growth hormone

________ is(are) described as slow-wave sleep.

1. stage 1
2. stage 2
3. stage 3 and stage 4
4. REM sleep

Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most often associated with ________ sleep.

1. stage 1
2. stage 2
3. stage 3 and stage 4
4. REM

Symptoms of ________ may be improved by REM deprivation.

1. schizophrenia
2. Parkinson’s disease
3. depression
4. generalized anxiety disorder

The ________ content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream.

1. latent
2. manifest
3. collective unconscious
4. important

________ is loss of muscle tone or control that is often associated with narcolepsy.

1. RBD
2. CPAP
3. cataplexy
4. insomnia

An individual may suffer from ________ if there is a disruption in the brain signals that are sent to the muscles that regulate breathing.

1. central sleep apnea
2. obstructive sleep apnea
3. narcolepsy
4. SIDS

The most common treatment for ________ involves the use of amphetamine-like medications.

1. sleep apnea
2. RBD
3. SIDS
4. narcolepsy

________ is another word for sleepwalking.

1. insomnia
2. somnambulism
3. cataplexy
4. narcolepsy

________ occurs when a drug user requires more and more of a given drug in order to experience the same effects of the drug.

1. withdrawal
2. psychological dependence
3. tolerance
4. reuptake

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of ________.

1. GABA
2. glutamate
3. acetylcholine
4. dopamine

________ refers to drug craving.

1. psychological dependence
2. antagonism
3. agonism
4. physical dependence

LSD affects ________ neurotransmission.

1. dopamine
2. serotonin
3. acetylcholine
4. norepinephrine

________ is most effective in individuals that are very open to the power of suggestion.

1. hypnosis
2. meditation
3. mindful awareness
4. cognitive therapy

________ has its roots in religious practice.

1. hypnosis
2. meditation
3. cognitive therapy
4. behavioral therapy

Meditation may be helpful in ________.

1. pain management
2. stress control
3. treating the flu
4. both a and b

Research suggests that cognitive processes, such as learning, may be affected by ________.

1. hypnosis
2. meditation
3. mindful awareness
4. progressive relaxation