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account payable
account for financial obligations to suppliers after purchasing products or services on credit
Additional Medicare Tax
requirement for employers to withhold 0.9% from employee pay for individuals who exceed an income threshold based on their filing status
contingency
current situation, where the outcome is unknown or uncertain and will not be resolved until a future point in time
contingent liability
uncertain outcome to a current condition that could produce a future debt or negative obligation for the company
current liability
debt or obligation due within one year or, in rare cases, a company’s standard operating cycle, whichever is greater
current portion of a note payable
portion of a long-term note due during the company’s current operating period
defined contribution plans
money set aside and held in account for employee’s retirement with possible contribution from employers
federal income tax withholding
amount withheld from employee pay based on employee responses given on Form W-4
Federal Insurance Contribution Act (FICA) tax
involuntary tax mandated by FICA that requires employers to withhold taxes from employee wages “to provide benefits for retirees, the disabled, and children”
Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA)
response to a law requiring employers to pay into a federal unemployment insurance system that covers employees in case of job disruption due to factors outside of their control
gross income (pay)
amount earned by the employee before any reductions in pay occur due to involuntary and voluntary deductions
interest
monetary incentive to the lender, which justifies loan risk; interest is paid to the lender by the borrower
involuntary deduction
withholding that neither the employer nor the employee have control over, and is required by law
likelihood of occurrence
contingent liability must be recognized and disclosed if there is a probable liability determination before the preparation of financial statements has occurred
local income tax withholding
applied to those living or working within a jurisdiction to cover schooling, social services, park maintenance, and law enforcement
measurement requirement
company’s ability to reasonably estimate the amount of loss
Medicare tax rate
currently 1.45% of employee gross income with no taxable earnings cap
net income (pay)
(also, take home pay) remaining employee earnings balance after involuntary and voluntary deductions from employee pay
note payable
legal document between a borrower and a lender specifying terms of a financial arrangement; in most situations, the debt is long-term
principal
initial borrowed amount of a loan, not including interest; also, face value or maturity value of a bond (the amount to be paid at maturity)
probable and estimable
contingent liability is likely to occur and can be reasonably estimated
probable and inestimable
contingent liability is likely to occur but cannot be reasonably estimated
reasonably possible
contingent liability could occur but is not probable
remote
contingent liability is unlikely to occur
short-term note payable
debt created and due within a company’s operating period (less than a year)
Social Security tax rate
currently 6.2% of employees gross wage earnings with a maximum taxable earnings amount of $127,200 in 2017 and $128,400 in 2018
state income tax withholding
reduction to employee pay determined by responses given on Form W-4, or on a state withholdings certificate
State Unemployment Tax Act (SUTA)
response to a law requiring employers to pay into a state unemployment insurance system that covers employees in case of job disruption due to factors outside of their control
taxes payable
liability created when a company collects taxes on behalf of employees and customers
unearned revenue
advance payment for a product or service that has yet to be provided by the company; the transaction is a liability until the product or service is provided
vacation compensation
stipend provided by the employer to employees when they take time off for vacation
voluntary deduction
not required to be removed from employee pay unless the employee designates reduction of this amount
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