Prealgebra 2e

# 9.5Solve Geometry Applications: Circles and Irregular Figures

Prealgebra 2e9.5 Solve Geometry Applications: Circles and Irregular Figures

### Learning Objectives

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

• Use the properties of circles
• Find the area of irregular figures
Be Prepared 9.13

Before you get started, take this readiness quiz.

Evaluate $x2x2$ when $x=5.x=5.$
If you missed this problem, review Example 2.15.

Be Prepared 9.14

Using $3.143.14$ for $π,π,$ approximate the (a) circumference and (b) the area of a circle with radius $88$ inches.
If you missed this problem, review Example 5.39.

Be Prepared 9.15

Simplify $227(0.25)2227(0.25)2$ and round to the nearest thousandth.
If you missed this problem, review Example 5.36.

In this section, we’ll continue working with geometry applications. We will add several new formulas to our collection of formulas. To help you as you do the examples and exercises in this section, we will show the Problem Solving Strategy for Geometry Applications here.

Problem Solving Strategy for Geometry Applications

1. Step 1. Read the problem and make sure you understand all the words and ideas. Draw the figure and label it with the given information.
2. Step 2. Identify what you are looking for.
3. Step 3. Name what you are looking for. Choose a variable to represent that quantity.
4. Step 4. Translate into an equation by writing the appropriate formula or model for the situation. Substitute in the given information.
5. Step 5. Solve the equation using good algebra techniques.
6. Step 6. Check the answer in the problem and make sure it makes sense.
7. Step 7. Answer the question with a complete sentence.

### Use the Properties of Circles

Do you remember the properties of circles from Decimals and Fractions Together? We’ll show them here again to refer to as we use them to solve applications.

### Properties of Circles

• $rr$ is the length of the radius
• $dd$ is the length of the diameter
• $d=2rd=2r$
• Circumference is the perimeter of a circle. The formula for circumference is
$C=2πrC=2πr$
• The formula for area of a circle is
$A=πr2A=πr2$

Remember, that we approximate $ππ$ with $3.143.14$ or $227227$ depending on whether the radius of the circle is given as a decimal or a fraction. If you use the $ππ$ key on your calculator to do the calculations in this section, your answers will be slightly different from the answers shown. That is because the $ππ$ key uses more than two decimal places.

### Example 9.41

A circular sandbox has a radius of $2.52.5$ feet. Find the circumference and area of the sandbox.

Try It 9.81

A circular mirror has radius of $55$ inches. Find the circumference and area of the mirror.

Try It 9.82

A circular spa has radius of $4.54.5$ feet. Find the circumference and area of the spa.

We usually see the formula for circumference in terms of the radius $rr$ of the circle:

$C=2πrC=2πr$

But since the diameter of a circle is two times the radius, we could write the formula for the circumference in terms $ofd.ofd.$

$C=2πrUsing the commutative property, we getC=π·2rThen substitutingd=2rC=π·dSoC=πdC=2πrUsing the commutative property, we getC=π·2rThen substitutingd=2rC=π·dSoC=πd$

We will use this form of the circumference when we’re given the length of the diameter instead of the radius.

### Example 9.42

A circular table has a diameter of four feet. What is the circumference of the table?

Try It 9.83

Find the circumference of a circular fire pit whose diameter is $5.55.5$ feet.

Try It 9.84

If the diameter of a circular trampoline is $1212$ feet, what is its circumference?

### Example 9.43

Find the diameter of a circle with a circumference of $47.147.1$ centimeters.

Try It 9.85

Find the diameter of a circle with circumference of $94.294.2$ centimeters.

Try It 9.86

Find the diameter of a circle with circumference of $345.4345.4$ feet.

### Find the Area of Irregular Figures

So far, we have found area for rectangles, triangles, trapezoids, and circles. An irregular figure is a figure that is not a standard geometric shape. Its area cannot be calculated using any of the standard area formulas. But some irregular figures are made up of two or more standard geometric shapes. To find the area of one of these irregular figures, we can split it into figures whose formulas we know and then add the areas of the figures.

### Example 9.44

Find the area of the shaded region.

Try It 9.87

Find the area of each shaded region:

Try It 9.88

Find the area of each shaded region:

### Example 9.45

Find the area of the shaded region.

Try It 9.89

Find the area of each shaded region.

Try It 9.90

Find the area of each shaded region.

### Example 9.46

A high school track is shaped like a rectangle with a semi-circle (half a circle) on each end. The rectangle has length $105105$ meters and width $6868$ meters. Find the area enclosed by the track. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth.

Try It 9.91

Find the area:

Try It 9.92

Find the area:

### Section 9.5 Exercises

#### Practice Makes Perfect

Use the Properties of Circles

In the following exercises, solve using the properties of circles.

217.

The lid of a paint bucket is a circle with radius $77$ inches. Find the circumference and area of the lid.

218.

An extra-large pizza is a circle with radius $88$ inches. Find the circumference and area of the pizza.

219.

A farm sprinkler spreads water in a circle with radius of $8.58.5$ feet. Find the circumference and area of the watered circle.

220.

A circular rug has radius of $3.53.5$ feet. Find the circumference and area of the rug.

221.

A reflecting pool is in the shape of a circle with diameter of $2020$ feet. What is the circumference of the pool?

222.

A turntable is a circle with diameter of $1010$ inches. What is the circumference of the turntable?

223.

A circular saw has a diameter of $1212$ inches. What is the circumference of the saw?

224.

A round coin has a diameter of $33$ centimeters. What is the circumference of the coin?

225.

A barbecue grill is a circle with a diameter of $2.22.2$ feet. What is the circumference of the grill?

226.

The top of a pie tin is a circle with a diameter of $9.59.5$ inches. What is the circumference of the top?

227.

A circle has a circumference of $163.28163.28$ inches. Find the diameter.

228.

A circle has a circumference of $59.6659.66$ feet. Find the diameter.

229.

A circle has a circumference of $17.2717.27$ meters. Find the diameter.

230.

A circle has a circumference of $80.0780.07$ centimeters. Find the diameter.

In the following exercises, find the radius of the circle with given circumference.

231.

A circle has a circumference of $150.72150.72$ feet.

232.

A circle has a circumference of $251.2251.2$ centimeters.

233.

A circle has a circumference of $40.8240.82$ miles.

234.

A circle has a circumference of $78.578.5$ inches.

Find the Area of Irregular Figures

In the following exercises, find the area of the irregular figure. Round your answers to the nearest hundredth.

235.
236.
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
242.
243.
244.
245.
246.
247.
248.
249.
250.
251.
252.
253.
254.

In the following exercises, solve.

255.

A city park covers one block plus parts of four more blocks, as shown. The block is a square with sides $250250$ feet long, and the triangles are isosceles right triangles. Find the area of the park.

256.

A gift box will be made from a rectangular piece of cardboard measuring $1212$ inches by $2020$ inches, with squares cut out of the corners of the sides, as shown. The sides of the squares are $33$ inches. Find the area of the cardboard after the corners are cut out.

257.

Perry needs to put in a new lawn. His lot is a rectangle with a length of $120120$ feet and a width of $100100$ feet. The house is rectangular and measures $5050$ feet by $4040$ feet. His driveway is rectangular and measures $2020$ feet by $3030$ feet, as shown. Find the area of Perry’s lawn.

258.

Denise is planning to put a deck in her back yard. The deck will be a $20-ft20-ft$ by $12-ft12-ft$ rectangle with a semicircle of diameter $66$ feet, as shown below. Find the area of the deck.

#### Everyday Math

259.

Area of a Tabletop Yuki bought a drop-leaf kitchen table. The rectangular part of the table is a $1-ft1-ft$ by $3-ft3-ft$ rectangle with a semicircle at each end, as shown. Find the area of the table with one leaf up. Find the area of the table with both leaves up.

260.

Painting Leora wants to paint the nursery in her house. The nursery is an $8-ft8-ft$ by $10-ft10-ft$ rectangle, and the ceiling is $88$ feet tall. There is a $3-ft3-ft$ by $6.5-ft6.5-ft$ door on one wall, a $3-ft3-ft$ by $6.5-ft6.5-ft$ closet door on another wall, and one $4-ft4-ft$ by $3.5-ft3.5-ft$ window on the third wall. The fourth wall has no doors or windows. If she will only paint the four walls, and not the ceiling or doors, how many square feet will she need to paint?

#### Writing Exercises

261.

Describe two different ways to find the area of this figure, and then show your work to make sure both ways give the same area.

262.

A circle has a diameter of $1414$ feet. Find the area of the circle using $3.143.14$ for$ππ$ using $227227$ for $π.π.$ Which calculation to do prefer? Why?

#### Self Check

After completing the exercises, use this checklist to evaluate your mastery of the objectives of this section.

After looking at the checklist, do you think you are well prepared for the next section? Why or why not?