Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a way the normal microbiota of the intestine helps to prevent infection?

1. It produces acids that lower the pH of the stomach.
2. It speeds up the process by which microbes are flushed from the digestive tract.
3. It consumes food and occupies space, outcompeting potential pathogens.
4. It generates large quantities of oxygen that kill anaerobic pathogens.

What types of microbes live in the intestines?

1. Diverse species of bacteria, archaea, and fungi, especially Bacteroides and Firmicutes bacteria
2. A narrow range of bacteria, especially Firmicutes
3. A narrow range of bacteria and fungi, especially Bacteroides
4. Archaea and fungi only

What pathogen is the most important contributor to biofilms in plaque?

1. Staphylococcus aureus
2. Streptococcus mutans
3. Escherichia coli
4. Clostridioides difficile

What type of organism causes thrush?

1. a bacterium
2. a virus
3. a fungus
4. a protozoan

In mumps, what glands swell to produce the disease’s characteristic appearance?

1. the sublingual glands
2. the gastric glands
3. the parotid glands
4. the submandibular glands

Which of the following is true of HSV-1?

1. It causes oral thrush in immunocompromised patients.
2. Infection is generally self-limiting.
3. It is a bacterium.
4. It is usually treated with amoxicillin.

Which type of E. coli infection can be severe with life-threatening consequences such as hemolytic uremic syndrome?

1. ETEC
2. EPEC
3. EHEC
4. EIEC

Which species of Shigella has a type that produces Shiga toxin?

1. S. boydii
2. S. flexneri
3. S. dysenteriae
4. S. sonnei

Which type of bacterium produces an A-B toxin?

1. Salmonella
2. Vibrio cholera
3. ETEC
4. Shigella dysenteriae

Which form of hepatitisvirus can only infect an individual who is already infected with another hepatitisvirus?

1. HDV
2. HAV
3. HBV
4. HEV

Which cause of viral gastroenteritis commonly causes projectile vomiting?

1. hepatitisvirus
2. Astroviruses
3. Rotavirus
4. Noroviruses

Which protozoan is associated with the ability to cause severe dysentery?

1. Giardia lamblia
2. Cryptosporidium hominis
3. Cyclospora cayetanesis
4. Entamoeba histolytica

Which protozoan has a unique appearance, with a blue halo, when viewed using ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy?

1. Giardia lamblia
2. Cryptosporidium hominis
3. Cyclospora cayetanesis
4. Entamoeba histolytica

What is another name for Trichuris trichiura?

1. pinworm
2. whipworm
3. hookworm
4. ascariasis

Which type of helminth infection can be diagnosed using tape?

1. pinworm
2. whipworm
3. hookworm
4. tapeworm