Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the type of cell largely responsible for type I hypersensitivity responses?
- erythrocyte
- mast cell
- T lymphocyte
- antibody
Type I hypersensitivities require which of the following initial priming events to occur?
- sensitization
- secondary immune response
- cellular trauma
- degranulation
Which of the following are the main mediators/initiators of type II hypersensitivity reactions?
- antibodies
- mast cells
- erythrocytes
- histamines
Inflammatory molecules are released by mast cells in type I hypersensitivities; type II hypersensitivities, however, are characterized by which of the following?
- cell lysis (cytotoxicity)
- strong antibody reactions against antigens
- leukotriene release upon stimulation
- localized tissue reactions, such as hives
An immune complex is an aggregate of which of the following?
- antibody molecules
- antigen molecules
- antibody and antigen molecules
- histamine molecules
Which of the following is a common treatment for type III hypersensitivity reactions?
- anti-inflammatory steroid treatments
- antihistamine treatments
- hyposensitization injections of allergens
- RhoGAM injections
Which of the following induces a type III hypersensitivity?
- release of inflammatory molecules from mast cells
- accumulation of immune complexes in tissues and small blood vessels
- destruction of cells bound by antigens
- destruction of cells bound by antibodies
Which one of the following is not an example of a type IV hypersensitivity?
- latex allergy
- Contact dermatitis (e.g., contact with poison ivy)
- a positive tuberculin skin test
- hemolytic disease of the newborn
Which of the following is an example of an organ-specific autoimmune disease?
- rheumatoid arthritis
- psoriasis
- Addison disease
- myasthenia gravis
Which of the following is an example of a systemic autoimmune disease?
- Hashimoto thyroiditis
- type I diabetes mellitus
- Graves disease
- myasthenia gravis
Which of the following is a genetic disease that results in lack of production of antibodies?
- agammaglobulinemia
- myasthenia gravis
- HIV/AIDS
- chronic granulomatous disease
Which of the following is a genetic disease that results in almost no adaptive immunity due to lack of B and/ or T cells?
- agammaglobulinemia
- severe combined immunodeficiency
- HIV/AIDS
- chronic granulomatous disease
All but which one of the following are examples of secondary immunodeficiencies?
- HIV/AIDS
- malnutrition
- chronic granulomatous disease
- immunosuppression due to measles infection
Cancer results when a mutation leads to which of the following?
- cell death
- apoptosis
- loss of cell-cycle control
- shutdown of the cell cycle
Tumor antigens are ________ that are inappropriately expressed and found on abnormal cells.
- self antigens
- foreign antigens
- antibodies
- T-cell receptors