Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the type of cell largely responsible for type I hypersensitivity responses?

1. erythrocyte
2. mast cell
3. T lymphocyte
4. antibody

Type I hypersensitivities require which of the following initial priming events to occur?

1. sensitization
2. secondary immune response
3. cellular trauma
4. degranulation

Which of the following are the main mediators/initiators of type II hypersensitivity reactions?

1. antibodies
2. mast cells
3. erythrocytes
4. histamines

Inflammatory molecules are released by mast cells in type I hypersensitivities; type II hypersensitivities, however, are characterized by which of the following?

1. cell lysis (cytotoxicity)
2. strong antibody reactions against antigens
3. leukotriene release upon stimulation
4. localized tissue reactions, such as hives

An immune complex is an aggregate of which of the following?

1. antibody molecules
2. antigen molecules
3. antibody and antigen molecules
4. histamine molecules

Which of the following is a common treatment for type III hypersensitivity reactions?

1. anti-inflammatory steroid treatments
2. antihistamine treatments
3. hyposensitization injections of allergens
4. RhoGAM injections

Which of the following induces a type III hypersensitivity?

1. release of inflammatory molecules from mast cells
2. accumulation of immune complexes in tissues and small blood vessels
3. destruction of cells bound by antigens
4. destruction of cells bound by antibodies

Which one of the following is not an example of a type IV hypersensitivity?

1. latex allergy
2. Contact dermatitis (e.g., contact with poison ivy)
3. a positive tuberculin skin test
4. hemolytic disease of the newborn

Which of the following is an example of an organ-specific autoimmune disease?

1. rheumatoid arthritis
2. psoriasis
3. Addison disease
4. myasthenia gravis

Which of the following is an example of a systemic autoimmune disease?

1. Hashimoto thyroiditis
2. type I diabetes mellitus
3. Graves disease
4. myasthenia gravis

Which of the following is a genetic disease that results in lack of production of antibodies?

1. agammaglobulinemia
2. myasthenia gravis
3. HIV/AIDS
4. chronic granulomatous disease

Which of the following is a genetic disease that results in almost no adaptive immunity due to lack of B and/ or T cells?

1. agammaglobulinemia
2. severe combined immunodeficiency
3. HIV/AIDS
4. chronic granulomatous disease

All but which one of the following are examples of secondary immunodeficiencies?

1. HIV/AIDS
2. malnutrition
3. chronic granulomatous disease
4. immunosuppression due to measles infection

Cancer results when a mutation leads to which of the following?

1. cell death
2. apoptosis
3. loss of cell-cycle control
4. shutdown of the cell cycle

Tumor antigens are ________ that are inappropriately expressed and found on abnormal cells.

1. self antigens
2. foreign antigens
3. antibodies
4. T-cell receptors