Multiple Choice

Which of the following is required for repairing the phosphodiester backbone of DNA during molecular cloning?

1. cDNA
2. reverse transcriptase
3. restriction enzymes
4. DNA ligase

All of the following are processes used to introduce DNA molecules into bacterial cells except:

1. transformation
2. transduction
3. transcription
4. conjugation

The enzyme that uses RNA as a template to produce a DNA copy is called:

1. a restriction enzyme
2. DNA ligase
3. reverse transcriptase
4. DNA polymerase

In blue-white screening, what do blue colonies represent?

1. cells that have not taken up the plasmid vector
2. cells with recombinant plasmids containing a new insert
3. cells containing empty plasmid vectors
4. cells with a non-functional lacZ gene

The T_i plasmid is used for introducing genes into:

1. animal cells
2. plant cells
3. bacteriophages
4. E. coli cells

Which technique is used to separate protein fragments based on size?

1. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
2. Southern blot
3. agarose gel electrophoresis
4. polymerase chain reaction

Which technique uses restriction enzyme digestion followed by agarose gel electrophoresis to generate a banding pattern for comparison to another sample processed in the same way?

1. qPCR
2. RT-PCR
3. RFLP
4. 454 sequencing

All of the following techniques involve hybridization between single-stranded nucleic acid molecules except:

1. Southern blot analysis
2. RFLP analysis
3. northern blot analysis
4. microarray analysis

The science of studying the entire collection of mRNA molecules produced by cells, allowing scientists to monitor differences in gene expression patterns between cells, is called:

1. genomics
2. transcriptomics
3. proteomics
4. pharmacogenomics

The science of studying genomic fragments from microbial communities, allowing researchers to study genes from a collection of multiple species, is called:

1. pharmacogenomics
2. transcriptomics
3. metagenomics
4. proteomics

The insulin produced by recombinant DNA technology is

1. a combination of E. coli and human insulin.
2. identical to human insulin produced in the pancreas.
3. cheaper but less effective than pig insulin for treating diabetes.
4. engineered to be more effective than human insulin.

At what point can the FDA halt the development or use of gene therapy?

1. on submission of an IND application
2. during clinical trials
3. after manufacturing and marketing of the approved therapy
4. all of the answers are correct