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Medical-Surgical Nursing

Review Questions

Medical-Surgical NursingReview Questions

Review Questions

1 .
What statement is true regarding homeostasis?
  1. Homeostasis is the body’s natural state of balance.
  2. Each body system works independently to maintain homeostasis.
  3. Homeostasis cannot be restored once illness has occurred.
  4. Emotional issues do not impact the homeostasis of the body.
2 .
The nurse is caring for a client who is admitted with multiple broken ribs sustained in a motor vehicle accident. What is the correct clinical judgement of the nurse for this client?
  1. The client will experience both mental and physical stress.
  2. The client will only experience physical stress.
  3. The patient will not have difficulties healing from the physical stress.
  4. Psychological stress will not be involved for this patient.
3 .
What is maladaptive behavior?
  1. a balance of body systems
  2. a negative response to stressful event
  3. an event perceived as negative
  4. a model explaining how the body responds to stress
4 .
What is a true statement about stressors?
  1. All stressors are external.
  2. All stressors are internal.
  3. All stressors are interpreted differently based on culture, values, and beliefs.
  4. Stressors that are managed quickly are chronic.
5 .
What is an example of an internal stressor a person may experience is?
  1. a viral infection
  2. loss of a job
  3. emotional turmoil over low self-esteem
  4. car accident
6 .
What is an example that demonstrates an individual experiencing a moderate stressor?
  1. a student preparing for final examinations
  2. a family experiencing loss of housing from a natural disaster
  3. a nurse working in a busy emergency department
  4. an individual preparing to move into a new home
7 .
The nurse is caring for a client who has recently suffered a mental breakdown after her spouse of 55 years died. She smiles and laughs with hospital personnel who come into her room for various activities. What is the best assessment by the nurse?
  1. The client clearly has gotten over her emotional stress.
  2. Stress is experienced differently by individuals who may manifest their adaptive behaviors differently.
  3. The client needs a psychiatric evaluation because her behavior is not appropriate for her grieving and stressful event.
  4. No action is needed by the nurse.
8 .
What is an example of a statement by the student nurse that demonstrates understanding of the Stress Transaction Model?
  1. All individuals experience stress the same way.
  2. If an individual’s stress reaches the exhaustion phase, the client may die.
  3. Nurses cannot change the progression of stress for an individual.
  4. Nurses can only use medications to intervene in a stressful event.
9 .
What disease processes can be significantly influenced by stress as a stimulus?
  1. musculoskeletal disorders
  2. respiratory infections
  3. type 2 diabetes
  4. renal failure
10 .
The nurse is preparing a patient for a coronary bypass heart graft surgery. Before handing off the patient to the transport team, the nurse obtains the patient’s vital signs and notes an elevated blood pressure and heart rate. What stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome should the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?
  1. exhaustion stage
  2. alarm stage
  3. resistance stage
  4. cardiac decompensation stage
11 .
The nurse is caring for a client who has been under extreme stress at home and work and comes to the hospital after experiencing a myocardial infarction (heart attack). Upon physical examination, what would the nurse expect to see?
  1. relaxed physical appearance
  2. regular and stable vital signs
  3. disrupted thought processes and anxiety
  4. clear communication from the patient
12 .
What physical manifestations are seen when the sympathetic nervous system is activated during stress?
  1. dilated pupils, constipation, tachypnea, tachycardia
  2. constricted pupils, diarrhea, bradycardia, bradypnea
  3. dilated pupils, warm skin, regular heart rate, hypertension
  4. constricted pupils, increased gastric juices, relaxed breathing
13 .
The nurse recognizes the patient is experiencing a positive psychological impact when has what sort of reaction?
  1. feeling anxious or depressed
  2. feeling energized and excited
  3. feeling confused and unclear
  4. having no emotions toward the event or stressor
14 .
The nurse is caring for a patient who is given a new diagnosis of cancer. During the physical assessment, the nurse notices a new bald spot on the patient’s head, jagged fingernails, and alcohol on the breath. What is the nurse’s best therapeutic response?
  1. “Cancer isn’t always fatal. It’ll be okay.”
  2. “I notice you have been pulling out your hair. Do you think that will help?”
  3. “Do you want me to call your clergyman?”
  4. “I notice some changes in your appearance. Please tell me how you’re feeling about your new diagnosis.”
15 .
What statement best aligns with the definition of the appraisal of a stressful event?
  1. the physiological response to stressors in the health care setting
  2. the process of evaluating the significance and potential impact of a stressor on an individual’s well-being
  3. the implementation of coping strategies to manage stress in the workplace
  4. the assessment of patient satisfaction with nursing care during stressful situations
16 .
The nurse is teaching a student nurse about the negative feedback response to stress to stabilize vital signs. What is an example of negative feedback?
  1. Blood pressure is elevated during an infection.
  2. The body works to reduce temperature from overexposure by sweating.
  3. The respiratory rate is increased during sleep.
  4. The level of consciousness is decreased due to head trauma.
17 .
The nurse is caring for a client who has an infection. What clinical manifestations will the nurse expect to see during the acute phase of the inflammatory response?
  1. cyanosis of the skin, bradycardia, and bradypnea
  2. tachycardia, elevated temperature, possible hypotension
  3. shortness of breath, tachycardia, and low red blood cell count
  4. fewer white blood cells, low lactate level, and high BUN and creatinine levels
18 .
What cause of cellular injury is most commonly found in clinical practice?
  1. inadequate blood supply
  2. nutrient-deficient diet
  3. regular exercise
  4. chemical exposure
19 .
How does stress typically affect family health?
  1. Stress has minimal impact on family health.
  2. Stress can lead to improved family communication.
  3. Stress can negatively affect family dynamics and overall well-being.
  4. Stress only affects individuals, not families.
20 .
What is a crucial nursing implication in supporting family-centered care?
  1. prioritizing the individual patient needs over family concerns
  2. limiting family involvement in care decisions
  3. recognizing and respecting the importance of family involvement in patient care
  4. avoiding unnecessary communication with family members
21 .
A patient wants to use a nonpharmacological approach to treat stress. What could the nurse recommend?
  1. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  2. prescribed narcotics
  3. an SSRI antidepressant
  4. meditation and focused breathing
22 .
When administering a new SSRI antidepressant prescription to a patient, what is an important concept to teach the patient about this class of drug?
  1. It must be taken with food and water.
  2. It may cause nausea and diarrhea.
  3. It may take 4 weeks to reach therapeutic level.
  4. It cannot be taken with grapefruit juice.
23 .
The nurse is caring for a patient who is admitted for a head trauma and is not allowed to have narcotics for pain to avoid masking any signs of increasing intracranial pressure. What safe alternatives could the nurse offer to help decreasing pain and stress?
  1. breathing techniques and guided imagery
  2. morphine given at half dose
  3. dilantin as prescribed
  4. ventilator support by the respiratory therapist
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