Skip to ContentGo to accessibility pageKeyboard shortcuts menu
OpenStax Logo

Adelman, D. S, Fant, C., Wood, L., & Zak, C. (2019). Disasters: Who responds when. The Nurse Practitioner, 44(10):50–55.

Almukhlifi, Y., Crowfoot, G., Wilson, A., & Hutton, A. (2021). Emergency healthcare workers’ preparedness for disaster management: An integrative review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 00, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15965

American Medical Association (AMA). (2010). Disaster and mass casualty triage. AMA Journal of Ethics. https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/disaster-and-mass-casualty-triage/2010-06

Ashraf, O., Virani, A., & Cheema, T. (2021). COVID-19: An update on the epidemiological, clinical, preventative and therapeutic management of 2019 novel coronavirus disease. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly, 44(1):128–137. https://doi.org/10.1097/CNQ0000000000000346.

Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR). (2023). Triage during a mass casualty incident. https://files.asprtracie.hhs.gov/documents/epimn-module-1-triage-during-a-mass-casualty-incident.pdf

Bazyar, J., Farrokhi, M., Salari, A., Safarpour, H., & Khankeh, H. R. (2022). Accuracy of triage systems in disasters and mass casualty incidents: A systematic review. Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, 10(1), e32. https://doi.org/10.22037/aaem.v10i1.1526

Benton, D. (2018). Disasters, regulation, and proactive response. American Nurse Today, 13(1):32–33.

Borenstein, S. (2023, April 2).Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes. PBS News. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes

Britannica. (2018). Influenza pandemic of 1918–19: Cause, origin, & spread. https://www.britannica.com/event/influenza-pandemic-of-1918-1919

Britannica. (2019). Bhopal disaster. https://www.britannica.com/event/Bhopal-disaster

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2019, June 11). 2009 H1N1 pandemic. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/flu/pandemic-resources/2009-h1n1-pandemic.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2019). CDC radiation emergencies. https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/emergencies/healtheffects.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022, March 23). Mesothelioma. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/mesothelioma/index.htm

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). (2021). Emergency preparedness rule. https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Provider-Enrollment-and-Certification/SurveyCertEmergPrep/Emergency-Prep-Rule.html

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). (2016). Amerithrax or anthrax investigation. https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/amerithrax-or-anthrax-investigation

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2022). Training. https://training.fema.gov/is/

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2023). Hazard mitigation planning. https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/risk-management/hazard-mitigation-planning

Gaitonde, D. Y., Moore, F. C., & Morgan, M. K. (2019). Influenza: diagnosis and treatment. American Family Physician, 100(12), 751–758.

Husky, H. M, Pietrak, R. H, Marx, B. P, & Mazure, C. M. (2021). Research on posttraumatic stress disorder in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: A review of methods and implications in general population samples. Chronic Stress, 5:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/24705470211051327

Insurance Information Institute. (2020). Facts + Statistics: Wildfires. https://www.iii.org/fact-statistic/facts-statistics-wildfires

JAMA Network. (2023). Triage during a mass casualty incident. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2802556

Klein, T. A, & Irizarry, L. (2022). EMS disaster response. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560710/

Laskowski-Jones, L. (2010). When disaster strikes: Ready, or not? (Editorial). Nursing, 40(4):6.

Loke, A. Y., Guo, C., & Molassiotis, A. (2021). Development of disaster nursing education and training programs in the past 20 years (2000-2019): A systematic review. Nurse Education Today, 99:104809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104809

Manish, M., Verma, S., Kandari, D., Kulshreshtha, P., Singh, S., & Bhatnagar, R. (2020). Anthrax prevention through vaccine and post-exposure therapy. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 20(12), 1405–1425. https://doi.org/10.1080/14712598.2020.1801626

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, National Academy of Medicine, & Committee on the Future of Nursing 2020–2030. (2021). Chapter 8: Nurses in disaster preparedness and public health emergency response. In Flaubert, J. L., Le Menestrel, S., Williams, D. R., & Wakefield, M. (Eds.). The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity. National Academies Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK573904/

National Disaster Life Support Foundation. (2020). https://www.ndlsf.org/all-courses

Obrador, E., Salvador-Palmer, R., Villaescusa, J. I., Gallego, E., Pellicer, B., Estrela, J. M., & Montoro, A. (2022). Nuclear and radiological emergencies: Biological effects, countermeasures and biodosimetry. Antioxidants, 11(6), 1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061098

Puryear, B., & Gnugnoli, D. M. (2023). Emergency preparedness. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537042/

Roudbari, N. S., Punekar, S. R., Patterson, Z., Eicker, U., & Poullis, C. (2024). From data to action in flood forecasting leveraging graph neural networks and digital twin visualization. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 18571. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68857-y

The Joint Commission. (2023). New and revised emergency management standards. https://www.jointcommission.org/standards/prepublication-standards/new-and-revised-emergency-management-standards/

U.S. Department of Commerce (2024). Weather related fatality and injury statistics. National Weather Service. https://www.weather.gov/hazstat/

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2021). Disaster medical assistance teams (DMAT). https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/responders/ndms/ndms-teams/Pages/dmat.aspx

USGS. (2024, April 5). Science for a changing world. https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/science-for-a-changing-world

Whitmer, S. L. M., Ladner, J. T., Wiley, M. R., Patel, K., Dudas, G., Rambaut, A., Sahr, F., Prieto, K., Shepard, S. S., Carmody, E., Knust, B., Naidoo, D., Deen, G., Formenty, P., Nichol, S. T., Palacios, G., Ströher, U., & Ebola Virus Persistence Study Group. (2018). Active Ebola virus replication and heterogeneous evolutionary rates in EVD survivors. Cell Reports, 22(5), 1159–1168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.008

Woolf, S. (2023, June 27). The health care costs of extreme heat. Center for American Progress. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/the-health-care-costs-of-extreme-heat/

World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). Ebola virus disease. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ebola-virus-disease

World Health Organization (WHO). (2024). Hospital emergency response checklist. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/publications/hospital-emergency-response-checklist.pdf

World Nuclear Association. (2022, April). Chernobyl accident 1986. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of-plants/chernobyl-accident.aspx

Citation/Attribution

This book may not be used in the training of large language models or otherwise be ingested into large language models or generative AI offerings without OpenStax's permission.

Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This book uses the Creative Commons Attribution License and you must attribute OpenStax.

Attribution information
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, then you must include on every physical page the following attribution:
    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/medical-surgical-nursing/pages/1-introduction
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution:
    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/medical-surgical-nursing/pages/1-introduction
Citation information

© Sep 20, 2024 OpenStax. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.