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Medical-Surgical Nursing

Review Questions

Medical-Surgical NursingReview Questions

Review Questions

1 .
What is a common method pathogens use to evade the immune response?
  1. rapid multiplication in the bloodstream
  2. formation of antibodies
  3. continuous mutation
  4. direct attack on immune cells
2 .
What part of the immune system is nonspecific and acts quickly at the first sign of infection?
  1. leukocytes
  2. innate immune response
  3. adaptive immune response
  4. skin
3 .
What type of WBC is most involved in parasitic infections and allergies?
  1. monocyte
  2. lymphocyte
  3. eosinophil
  4. basophil
4 .
What acts as a barrier defense to protect the body from infection?
  1. hair follicles
  2. mucus membranes
  3. leukocytes
  4. bone marrow
5 .
What assessment finding would the nurse anticipate for a patient newly diagnosed with viral meningitis?
  1. constipation
  2. cough
  3. stiff neck
  4. sore throat
6 .
What is the most likely transmission route for hepatitis A?
  1. sexual contact
  2. hugging
  3. drinking contaminated water
  4. IV drug use
7 .
What laboratory value would be consistent with a diagnosis of HIV?
  1. WBC count of 5,400/uL
  2. CD4 cell count of 350 cells/mm3
  3. red blood cell count of 5.0 cells/μL
  4. potassium level of 3.5 mEq/mL
8 .
The nurse is caring for a patient with oral thrush. What underlying condition should the nurse consider testing the patient for?
  1. COVID-19
  2. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  3. eczema
  4. lupus
9 .
What kind of patient would be at risk for developing a fungal infection?
  1. a patient with a history of prostate cancer
  2. a patient with HIV
  3. a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter
  4. a patient with a history of hypertension
10 .
How does HIV infect a cell?
  1. It injects its DNA into the cytoplasm.
  2. It injects its RNA into the nucleus.
  3. It injects its RNA into the cytoplasm, where it is converted to viral DNA.
  4. It injects its DNA into the nucleus, where it is converted to viral RNA.
11 .
What is an appropriate intervention for the nurse to perform when caring for a patient with oral thrush?
  1. monitoring vital signs every 30 minutes
  2. administering antibiotics as ordered
  3. encouraging fluid intake to maintain hydration
  4. providing a high-fat diet
12 .
What is the main rationale behind repositioning patients with lower respiratory infections every 2 hours?
  1. preventing skin breakdown
  2. minimizing virus transmission
  3. facilitating lung expansion
  4. increasing activity tolerance
13 .
What abnormal laboratory value would be consistent with a diagnosis of hepatitis B?
  1. decreased alkaline phosphatase level
  2. elevated alanine aminotransferase level
  3. elevated WBC count
  4. decreased direct bilirubin level
14 .
What is a likely treatment option for a patient newly diagnosed with HIV?
  1. a combination of antiretroviral medications
  2. surgery to remove the infected cells
  3. a course of antibiotics
  4. regular radiation and chemotherapy
15 .
What is the primary purpose of using personal protective equipment when providing care for patients with COVID-19?
  1. encouraging visitors to allow the patient to rest
  2. ensuring the patient remains in a clean environment
  3. providing privacy for the patient
  4. limiting spread of the virus to other patients and staff
16 .
What finding would indicate that interventions for treating a patient with HIV have been successful?
  1. CD4 cell count <400/mm3
  2. negative for influenza
  3. nondetectable viral load
  4. WBC count of 14,000/mm3
17 .
The nurse is caring for a patient who reports a history of IV drug use. What type of hepatitis is the patient most likely to have, given that information?
  1. hepatitis A
  2. hepatitis C
  3. hepatitis D
  4. hepatitis E
18 .
What assessment findings would indicate improvement in a patient's condition following interventions for COVID-19?
  1. preference for prone positioning
  2. increased oxygen requirements
  3. decreased appetite and activity tolerance
  4. stable vital signs
19 .
What is the role of pharmacologic interventions in treating COVID-19?
  1. Paxlovid and Lagevrio are typically used for mild cases of COVID-19; Veklury is reserved for long-term management of symptoms.
  2. Pharmacologic intervention is not necessary for mild cases of COVID-19, which usually resolve with rest and hydration.
  3. All patients with COVID-19, regardless of severity, are prescribed Veklury intravenously as the first-line treatment.
  4. The use of Paxlovid, Lagevrio, and Veklury is interchangeable and depends on patient preference.
20 .
What process contributes to bacteria becoming more resistant to antibiotics over time?
  1. increased susceptibility to antibiotic effects
  2. accelerated development of new antibiotics
  3. enhanced communication between bacteria strains
  4. adapting to evade or destroy antibiotics
21 .
What clinical manifestation is commonly associated with MRSA infection?
  1. weight loss
  2. new-onset cough
  3. purulent drainage
  4. frequent urination
22 .
What is a key principle emphasized in antibiotic stewardship guidelines developed by the CDC?
  1. prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics for all infections
  2. administering antibiotics for all urinary tract infections
  3. tailoring antibiotic therapy to specific organisms
  4. allowing patients to stop antibiotic treatment when symptoms improve
23 .
The nurse is providing education about a newly prescribed antibiotic to a patient. What point about the prescription should the nurse emphasize in the teaching?
  1. “You can stop taking your antibiotic when you feel better.”
  2. “If your spouse develops the infection too, you can give them some of your medicine.”
  3. “Keep any unused pills just in case you develop another infection later.”
  4. “Make sure you take all the prescribed pills as directed.”
24 .
What is a key factor that increases the risk of adverse drug events from antibiotic use in older adults?
  1. decreased susceptibility to infections
  2. drug interactions due to polypharmacy
  3. increased adherence to medication regimens
  4. enhanced immune response to antibiotics
25 .
What is a factor that increases the risk for developing a C. diff infection?
  1. consumption of probiotic-rich foods
  2. regular exercise regimen
  3. recent discharge from the hospital
  4. history of seasonal allergies
26 .
What is an effective measure for preventing transmission of secondary infections in health-care settings?
  1. routine use of antiviral medications
  2. timely administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics
  3. proper hand hygiene and glove use
  4. placement of patients on airborne precautions
27 .
What is a priority nursing intervention when caring for a patient with suspected C. diff infection?
  1. administering prophylactic antibiotics
  2. encouraging bed rest to conserve energy
  3. providing IV fluids for hydration
  4. collecting a stool sample for laboratory testing
28 .
What is a primary consideration when implementing isolation precautions for a patient with C. diff infection?
  1. wearing gloves and gown upon entering the patient's room
  2. ensuring adequate ventilation in the patient's room
  3. placing the patient in a negative-pressure isolation room
  4. restricting all visitors from entering the patient's room
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