Skip to ContentGo to accessibility page
OpenStax Logo
Medical-Surgical Nursing

References

Medical-Surgical NursingReferences

References

Alomari, M. (n.d.). Med435: OSCE team objective structured clinical examination. Endocrine block. https://ksumsc.com/download_center/Archive/2nd/435/3-Endocrine%20block/Teams/OSCE/Endocrine%20osce.pdf

American Diabetes Association (ADA). (2024a). 2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: Standards of medical care in diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care, 47(Suppl_1), S20-S42. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-S002

American Diabetes Association (ADA). (2024b). 16. Diabetes care in the hospital: Standards of medical care in diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care, 47(Suppl_1), S295-S306. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-S016

Belleza, M. (2023). Cushing’s syndrome. Nurseslabs. https://nurseslabs.com/cushings-syndrome/#h-clinical-manifestations

Buiser Schnur, M. (2021). SIADH versus DI: what’s the difference? Nursing Center Blog. https://www.nursingcenter.com/ncblog/october-2021/siadh-vs-di

Cavanaugh, R. (2024). How the arrival of iodized salt 100 years ago changed America. https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/how-the-arrival-of-iodized-salt-100-years-ago-changed-america

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022a). Diabetes and vision loss. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/managing/diabetes-vision-loss.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022b). Diabetes risk factors. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/risk-factors.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2023). Diabetes symptoms. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/symptoms.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024). About gestational diabetes. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/gestational-diabetes.html

Chaudhry, H. S., & Singh, G. (2023). Cushing syndrome. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470218/

Cleveland Clinic. (2022a). Adrenal crisis. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23948-adrenal-crisis

Cleveland Clinic. (2022b). Thyroid storm. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23203-thyroid-storm

Crafa, A., Condorelli, R. A., Cannarella, R., Aversa, A., Calogero, A. E., & La Vignera, S. (2022). Physical examination for endocrine diseases: does it still play a role? Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(9), 2598. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092598

Dapra, A., & Bhandari, P. (2023). Diabetes. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551501/

George Washington University Hospital. (2024). Thyroid and parathyroid disorders. https://www.gwhospital.com/conditions-services/ears-nose-throat/thyroid-parathyroid-disorders

Hans, S. K., & Levine, S. N. (2022). Hypoparathyroidism. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441899/

Mankekar, G. (2022). Petrosal sinus sampling. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2114270-overview

Mathew, P., Kaur, J., Rawla, P., & Fortes, K. (2023). Hyperthyroidism (nursing). StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568782/

Mayo Clinic. (2022). Gestational diabetes. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gestational-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20355339

Munir, S., Quintanilla Rodriguez, B. S., & Waseem, M. (2023). Addison disease. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441994/

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). (2021). Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/hypothyroidism

Newman, T. (2024). Bones: all you need to know. Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320444

Patil, N., Rehman, A., Anastasopoulou, C., Jialal, I., & Saathoff, A. D. (2023). Hypothyroidism (nursing). StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568746/

Perkins, A. (2020). Diabetes insipidus: a matter of fluids. Nursing Made Incredibly Easy, 18(3), 28-37. https://journals.lww.com/nursingmadeincrediblyeasy/fulltext/2020/05000/diabetes_insipidus__a_matter_of_fluids.7.aspx

Plows, J. F., Stanley, J. L., Baker, P. N., Reynolds, C. M., & Vickers, M. H. (2018). The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(11), 3342. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113342

Pokhrel, B., Aiman, W., & Bhusal, K. (2022). Thyroid storm. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448095/

Pokhrel, B., Leslie, S. W., Levine, S. N. (2022). Primary hyperparathyroidism. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441895/

Rajsfus, B. F., Mohana-Borges, R., & Allonso, D. (2023). Diabetogenic viruses: linking viruses to diabetes mellitus. Heliyon, 9(4), e15021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15021

Vera, M. (2023). Addison’s disease nursing care plans. Nurseslabs. https://nurseslabs.com/addisons-disease-nursing-care-plans/

Yasir, M., & Mechanic, O. J. (2023). Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507777/

Young, W. F. (2022). Overview of the endocrine system. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/principles-of-endocrinology/overview-of-the-endocrine-system

Zhu, B. & Qu, S. (2022). The relationship between diabetes mellitus and cancers and its underlying mechanisms. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, 800995. https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffendo.2022.800995

PreviousNext
Order a print copy
Citation/Attribution
Reuse and redistribution of this content in digital or print format:
  • This book may not be used in the training of large language models or otherwise be ingested into large language models or generative AI offerings without OpenStax's prior written permission.
  • This book uses the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License, which means that you can reuse and modify the material only for noncommercial purposes, must attribute OpenStax, and must distribute any derivative works under the same license.
  • Any commercial printing of this textbook, including using a local or custom printer, must be approved by OpenStax, and proper citation provided.
  • OpenStax-copyrighted images, activities, assessments, and similar components of this book are subject to the same licensing – CC-BY-NC-SA. They can be used for noncommercial purposes with attribution. Commercial use requires permission.
  • Permission requests: Anyone who intends to incorporate this content (including text, images, and other components) into large language models, use it in AI offerings, use it commercially (including in print), and/or has questions about another use case is welcome to complete our reuse request form.
Attribution information
  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a noncommercial print format, then you must include on every physical page the following attribution:

    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/medical-surgical-nursing/pages/1-introduction

  • If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a noncommercial digital format, then for every page that includes OpenStax content, you must license the derivative work under the same CC-BY-NC-SA license as the original, and include on every digital page view the following attribution:

    Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/medical-surgical-nursing/pages/1-introduction

Citation information

The information below includes the information needed to generate citations in most major styles (APA, MLA, etc.); you must reformat and organize the information as needed to fit the requirements of the style. Use the information below to generate a citation. We recommend using a citation tool such as this one.

© Jul 23, 2026 OpenStax. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo, and Rice University name, and Rice University logo trademarks, or wordmarks are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.