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Medical-Surgical Nursing

Review Questions

Medical-Surgical NursingReview Questions

Review Questions

1 .
What is Cushing’s triad?
  1. changes in body posture that occur when muscles lack tension and go limp
  2. changes in vital signs including widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, and irregular breathing.
  3. changes in body posture that occur when patients hold their arms and legs out straight
  4. changes in vital signs including decreased pulse pressure, bradycardia, and vertigo
2 .
When a patient is upright, what is considered normal ICP?
  1. no more than 7 mm Hg
  2. between 7 and 15 mm Hg
  3. no more than 15 mm Hg
  4. no less than 15 mm Hg
3 .
Why should patients with decreased ICP be placed in flat HOB position?
  1. to control headaches and dizzy spells
  2. to increase ICP
  3. to provide more accurate ICP readings for comparison to baseline levels
  4. to maintain the patient’s airway and support oxygenation
4 .
What are metastatic brain tumors?
  1. tumors that originate elsewhere in the body and spread into brain tissue
  2. tumors that originate in brain tissue
  3. tumors that are cancerous and spread aggressively through the brain’s tissue layers
  4. tumors that are noncancerous and rarely spread
5 .
Why should some patients avoid Valsalva maneuvers?
  1. to decrease the likelihood of causing temporary paralysis
  2. to decrease blood pressure and heart rate
  3. to decrease pressure in the skull caused by coughing, bowel straining, etc.
  4. to decrease experiences of photophobia and phonophobia
6 .
Why does blocking acetylcholine receptors cause myasthenia gravis?
  1. Communication between nerves and muscle is inhibited, leading to damage in the myelin sheath’s protective covering.
  2. Communication with antibodies is inhibited, leading to weakness in the thymus gland.
  3. Communication between nerves and muscle is inhibited, leading to muscle fatigue and weakness.
  4. Communication with antibodies is inhibited, leading to the creation of sclerosis scar tissue.
7 .
What is plasmapheresis?
  1. process of removing a patient’s plasma and replacing it with antibodies
  2. process of removing a patient’s plasma, mixing it with saline, and putting it back in the patient’s body
  3. process of removing a patient’s plasma and replacing it with white blood cells
  4. process of removing a patient’s plasma, mixing it with a protein solution, and putting it back in the patient’s body
8 .
What causes vascular dementia?
  1. damage to the brain’s blood vessels caused by insufficient blood and oxygen
  2. damage to the brain’s blood vessels caused by abnormal deposits of protein
  3. damage to the brain’s blood vessels caused by growths in the frontal and temporal lobe neurons
  4. damage to the brain’s blood vessels caused by an increase in antibodies
9 .
When treating patients with ALS, what unusual behavior should nurses watch for?
  1. delusions
  2. untimely laughing or crying
  3. forgetting people they know well
  4. getting lost in familiar surroundings
10 .
How can antiamyloid treatments help patients with Alzheimer disease?
  1. by removing beta-amyloid, antibodies that block nerve communication
  2. by stopping the inhibition of beta-amyloid, a protein that is vital for nerve communication
  3. by removing beta-amyloid, a protein that can develop into plaques
  4. by stopping the inhibition of beta-amyloid, antibodies necessary to develop plaques
11 .
When a patient has a tonic seizure, what happens?
  1. The patient’s body has repetitious jerking movements.
  2. The patient’s muscles have twitches and/or jerks.
  3. The patient’s body has a combination of jerking and stiffening.
  4. The patient’s muscles stiffen.
12 .
What is the difference between focal and generalized seizures?
  1. Focal seizures affect the entire body, whereas generalized seizures are restricted to one body part.
  2. Focal seizures begin in one area of the brain, whereas generalized seizures affect both sides of the brain at the same time.
  3. Focal seizures have more obvious symptoms, whereas generalized seizures are milder.
  4. Focal seizures are life-threatening, whereas generalized seizures are less risky.
13 .
What surgical treatment for seizures disconnects the side of the brain that has seizures from the rest of the brain and body?
  1. lobectomy
  2. corpus callosotomy
  3. hemispherotomy
  4. thermal ablation
14 .
What type of patients are likely to develop polyneuropathy?
  1. patients with cancer
  2. patients with Alzheimer disease
  3. patients with multiple sclerosis
  4. patients with diabetes
15 .
How can scrambler therapy help patients with polyneuropathy?
  1. by blocking nerve endings from sending pain signals to the brain
  2. by removing inflammation that causes polyneuropathy
  3. by shrinking tumors that cause polyneuropathy
  4. by blocking neurostimulators from sending pain signals to the brain
16 .
How can antiseizure drugs help patients with fibromyalgia if they are not having seizures?
  1. Antiseizure drugs can also treat restless legs.
  2. Antiseizure drugs can help with constipation and/or bladder issues.
  3. Antiseizure drugs can also treat pain.
  4. Antiseizure drugs can help with fibro fog.
17 .
What criteria must patients meet before their condition can be diagnosed as fibromyalgia?
  1. ongoing pain for at least six months in at least three body areas
  2. ongoing pain for at least three months in at least three body areas
  3. ongoing pain for at least three months in at least four body areas
  4. ongoing pain for at least six months in at least four body areas
18 .
What stage of a migraine may be characterized by uncontrollable yawning and cravings for certain foods?
  1. prodrome
  2. aura
  3. attack
  4. postdrome
19 .
What stage of a migraine may be characterized by both confusion and elation?
  1. prodrome
  2. aura
  3. attack
  4. postdrome
20 .
If a patient’s low back pain is caused by a herniated disk, how is this diagnosed?
  1. electrophysiological test
  2. imaging, such as an MRI or CT scan
  3. nerve conduction study
  4. blood test
21 .
What type of spinal tumor is located on the inside of the spinal cord?
  1. intramedullary
  2. extradural
  3. dura
  4. intradural-extramedullary
22 .
How can traction help patients with spinal cord injuries?
  1. help them recover from shock
  2. keep them from developing inflammation after surgery
  3. help them regain skills affected by the injury
  4. keep them immobile and help realign their spine
23 .
What type of traumatic brain injuries occur gradually in response to reactive processes in the brain that result from trauma?
  1. penetrating
  2. primary
  3. nonpenetrating
  4. secondary
24 .
For patients with traumatic brain injury, what does the Glasgow Coma Scale assess?
  1. patient’s cognitive thinking abilities
  2. patient’s swelling and bleeding on the brain
  3. patient’s consciousness level
  4. patient’s pain levels
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