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Medical-Surgical Nursing

Review Questions

Medical-Surgical NursingReview Questions

Review Questions

1 .
What is the primary function of RBCs in humans?
  1. to carry oxygen directly to tissues
  2. to fight off infections
  3. to form clots
  4. to regulate blood pressure
2 .
As a nurse caring for a patient with a past surgical history of a gastric bypass, which type of anemia would the nurse anticipate the patient to be most at risk for?
  1. pernicious anemia
  2. iron-deficiency anemia
  3. hemolytic anemia
  4. folate-deficiency anemia
3 .
A 45-year-old female presents to the emergency room and is diagnosed with moderate anemia. What would you expect the patient’s Hb level to be?
  1. 12.5 g/dL
  2. 11.7 g/dL
  3. 13.2 g/dL
  4. 9.1 g/dL
4 .
What clinical finding in your patient with anemia would lead you to believe that the treatment plan was working?
  1. The patient’s blood pressure dropped from 116/76 mm Hg to 96/62 mm Hg during the shift.
  2. The patient’s Hb increased from 8.6 g/dL to 9.9 g/dL over 8 hours.
  3. The patient is maintaining an oxygen saturation of 90% with oxygen supplementation through a 2-L nasal cannula.
  4. The patient has a delayed capillary refill.
5 .
What is a characteristic feature of sickle cell disease?
  1. microcytic RBCs
  2. macrocytic RBCs
  3. crescent-shaped RBCs
  4. normocytic RBCs
6 .
What is the primary cause of pain crises in individuals with sickle cell disease?
  1. bacterial pneumonia infection
  2. RBCs blocking blood flow to tissues
  3. increased bleeding
  4. increased bilirubin levels in the body
7 .
In sickle cell disease, what complication can arise due to the destruction of RBCs and release of excess bilirubin?
  1. hematuria
  2. splenomegaly
  3. jaundice
  4. thrombocytopenia
8 .
The nurse is caring for a patient with thalassemia who receives frequent blood transfusions. What potential complications of these transfusions should the nurse watch for? (Select all that apply.)
  1. iron overload
  2. hypoxia
  3. hemolysis
  4. thrombocytopenia
  5. neutropenia
9 .
What is the primary feature of polycythemia?
  1. elevated WBC count
  2. increased platelet count
  3. elevated Hb and Hct levels
  4. decreased RBC count
10 .
In secondary polycythemia, what is a pathophysiology that causes increased RBC production?
  1. decreased EPO levels
  2. chronic hypoxia
  3. genetic mutation
  4. excess energy
11 .
What are appropriate nursing interventions for managing polycythemia? (Select all that apply.)
  1. administering anticoagulants
  2. initiating therapeutic phlebotomy
  3. encouraging smoking cessation
  4. administering antibiotics
12 .
What laboratory result would indicate thrombocytopenia?
  1. increased RBC count
  2. decreased platelet count
  3. decreased RBC count
  4. decreased plasma level
13 .
How do corticosteroids help to treat thrombocytopenia?
  1. They directly increase platelet production in the bone marrow.
  2. They inhibit immune-mediated platelet destruction.
  3. They decrease clotting factors III, IV, and VIII.
  4. They decrease destruction of platelets in the spleen.
14 .
What organ can cause platelet destruction that results in ITP?
  1. liver
  2. kidneys
  3. spleen
  4. bone marrow
15 .
What type of medication should the nurse expect to administer to a patient with neutropenia?
  1. anticoagulant medications
  2. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  3. bone marrow stimulant
  4. antacids
16 .
What nursing intervention is appropriate for a neutropenic patient?
  1. encouraging a diet high in fresh fruits
  2. administering antivirals
  3. advising the patient to take very large doses of vitamin C
  4. educating the patient on hand, oral, and respiratory hygiene practices
17 .
A patient was admitted to the emergency room with a fever and swollen lymph nodes. What additional cue would lead you to suspect that the patient has neutropenia?
  1. The patient was recently diagnosed with and is being treated for candidiasis.
  2. The patient recently fractured their toe.
  3. The patient is a smoker.
  4. The patient ran a marathon 48 hours ago.
18 .
What condition is a contributory risk factor for the development of DVT?
  1. hypernatremia
  2. prolonged immobility
  3. vitamin C deficiency
  4. hypothyroidism
19 .
What laboratory test is commonly used to assess for PE?
  1. venous duplex
  2. computed tomography pulmonary angiography
  3. PT
  4. CBC count
20 .
What medication(s) would the nurse anticipate for treatment of a DVT? (Select all that apply.)
  1. warfarin
  2. aspirin
  3. low molecular-weight heparin
  4. clopidogrel
  5. apixiban
21 .
If a patient has type A blood, what type(s) of blood can the patient receive? (Select all that apply.)
  1. A
  2. B
  3. AB
  4. O
22 .
The nurse finds that a patient has developed a rash and lower back pain 15 minutes after receiving a blood transfusion of cryoprecipitate. What is the nurse’s priority action?
  1. Stop the infusion.
  2. Hang 1,000 milliliters of normal saline at 100 mL/h.
  3. Call the provider.
  4. Send the blood bag and tubing to the laboratory.
23 .
The nurse started the transfusion of one unit of PRBCs. What clinical finding(s) indicate a transfusion reaction? (Select all that apply.)
  1. lower back pain
  2. same blood pressure as before the transfusion
  3. urticaria
  4. pruritus
  5. wheezing
24 .
A trauma patient comes into the emergency room with signs of hemorrhage. Vital signs are as follows: heart rate, 130; blood pressure, 84/62 mm Hg; respiratory rate, 24 per minute; oxygen saturation, 92%. Given this clinical assessment, what IV access device should the nurse start?
  1. 18 gauge
  2. 22 gauge
  3. 20 gauge
  4. central line
25 .
What blood type can be donated to anyone?
  1. O
  2. AB
  3. A
  4. B
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