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Medical-Surgical Nursing

Review Questions

Medical-Surgical NursingReview Questions

Review Questions

1 .
What kind of fluid is found in the intravascular space of the extracellular fluid compartment?
  1. plasma
  2. lymph
  3. synovial fluid
  4. cerebrospinal fluid
2 .
What force is exerted by plasma proteins in an effort to keep fluids inside the blood vessels and prevent them from leaking into the interstitial space?
  1. osmosis
  2. oncotic pressure
  3. hydrostatic pressure
  4. glomerular filtration
3 .
What situation would result in activation of the RAAS?
  1. hypokalemia
  2. hyponatremia
  3. elevated blood pressure
  4. increased serum osmolarity
4 .
A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with hypovolemia secondary to excessive vomiting. What clinical manifestation would the nurse anticipate?
  1. weight gain
  2. tachycardia
  3. bounding pulses
  4. jugular venous distension
5 .
What abnormal laboratory value would be most consistent with a diagnosis of hypervolemia?
  1. hyponatremia
  2. increased hematocrit
  3. increased serum osmolarity
  4. decreased serum creatinine
6 .
What fluid order would the nurse anticipate for a patient who presents with severe bleeding after a motor vehicle accident?
  1. 3% normal saline
  2. 5% normal saline
  3. 0.45% normal saline
  4. 0.9% normal saline
7 .
What nursing intervention is the priority when caring for a patient receiving oral potassium supplements?
  1. neurological checks
  2. telemetry monitoring
  3. fluid administration
  4. frequent turns
8 .
What is an assessment finding that a nurse would expect for a patient with a serum sodium level of
130 mEq/L?
  1. cardiac dysrhythmias
  2. weight loss
  3. hypertension
  4. seizures
9 .
What is a factor that increases the risk of developing hypercalcemia?
  1. prolonged immobility
  2. hypoparathyroidism
  3. vitamin D deficiency
  4. high intake of phosphorus
10 .
How should the nurse interpret these results? A nurse is caring for a patient with the following ABG results:
  • pH: 7.34
  • PaCO2: 50 mm Hg
  • HCO3−: 26 mEq/L
  1. metabolic acidosis
  2. metabolic alkalosis
  3. respiratory acidosis
  4. respiratory alkalosis
11 .
What acid-base imbalance should a nurse anticipate in a patient who presents with diabetic ketoacidosis?
  1. metabolic acidosis
  2. metabolic alkalosis
  3. respiratory acidosis
  4. respiratory alkalosis
12 .
What acid-base imbalance should a nurse anticipate in a patient who presents with hyperventilation secondary to anxiety?
  1. metabolic acidosis
  2. metabolic alkalosis
  3. respiratory acidosis
  4. respiratory alkalosis
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