AHRQ Safety Program for Perinatal Care. (2017). Safe magnesium sulfate administration. https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/quality-patient-safety/hais/tools/perinatal-care/modules/strategies/medication/tool_safe-mgso4.docx
Alese, M. O., Moodley, J., & Naicker, T. (2021). Preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome, the role of the liver. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine: The Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 34(1), 117–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2019.1572737
Alexopoulos, A. S., Blair, R., & Peters, A. L. (2019). Management of preexisting diabetes in pregnancy: A review. JAMA, 321(18), 1811–1819. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.4981
American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. (2023). Asthma and pregnancy. https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/asthma-and-pregnancy
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2014). Practice Bulletin No. 146: Management of late-term and postterm pregnancies. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 124(2, PART 1), 390–396. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000452744.06088.48
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2017a). Marijuana use during pregnancy and lactation: Committee Opinion, number 722. https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/10/marijuana-use-during-pregnancy-and-lactation
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2017b). Opioid use and opioid use disorder in pregnancy: Committee Opinion, number 711. https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/08/opioid-use-and-opioid-use-disorder-in-pregnancy
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2018a). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 201: Pregestational diabetes mellitus. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 132(6), e228–e248. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002960
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2018b). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 200: Early pregnancy loss. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 132, e197–e207.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2018c). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 193: Tubal ectopic pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 131(3), e91–e103. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002560
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2018d). Placenta accreta spectrum. Obstetric Care Consensus No. 10. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 132, e259–275.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2019a). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 203 Summary: Chronic hypertension in pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 133(1), 215–219. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003021
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2019b). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 207: Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 133(3), e181–e193. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003100
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2020a). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 223: Thyroid disease in pregnancy Obstetrics & Gynecology, 135(6), e261–e274. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003893
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2020b). Management of stillbirth: Obstetric Care Consensus No. 10. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 135(3), e110–e132. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003719
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2020c). ACOG Practice Bulletin Summary No. 222: Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 135(6), 1492–1495. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003892
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2021a). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 233: Anemia in pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 138(2), e55–e64. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004477
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2021b). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 230: Obesity in pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 137(6), e128–e144. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004395
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2022a). Obstetric care consensus: Pregnancy at age 35 years or older. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 140(2), 348–366. https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/obstetric-care-consensus/articles/2022/08/pregnancy-at-age-35-years-or-older
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2022b). FAQs: The Rh factor: How it can affect your pregnancy. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/the-rh-factor-how-it-can-affect-your-pregnancy
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2023). Health care for immigrants: ACOG Committee Statement No. 4. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 141(2), e427–e433. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000005061
American Diabetes Association. (2020). 14. Management of diabetes in pregnancy: Standards of medical care in diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care, 43(Suppl 1), S183–S192. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-S014
Arendt, K. W., & Long, M. E. (2020). Problems of early pregnancy. In D. H. Chestnut (Ed.), Chestnut’s obstetric anesthesia (pp. 350–367). Elsevier.
Berghella, V., & Saccone, G. (2019). Fetal fibronectin testing for reducing the risk of preterm birth. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 7(7), CD006843. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006843.pub3
Burchill, L. J., Lameijer, H., Roos-Hesselink, J. W., Grewal, J., Ruys, T. P., Kulikowski, J. D., Burchill, L. A., Oudijk, M. A., Wald, R. M., Colman, J. M., Siu, S. C., Pieper, P. G., & Silversides, C. K. (2015). Pregnancy risks in women with pre-existing coronary artery disease, or following acute coronary syndrome. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 101(7), 525–529. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306676
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Pregnancy: What you need to know about marijuana use and pregnancy. https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/health-effects/pregnancy.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021a). Know more about hepatitis: Test for hepatitis C during every pregnancy. https://www.cdc.gov/knowmorehepatitis/hcp/Test-For-HepC-During-Pregnancy.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021b). STDs during pregnancy treatment and care. https://www.cdc.gov/std/pregnancy/treatment.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022a). Substance use during pregnancy. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/substance-abuse/substance-abuse-during-pregnancy.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022b). Type 1 or type 2 diabetes and pregnancy. https://www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/diabetes-types.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022c). Screening recommendations. National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/pregnancy/screening/index.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022d). Reproductive health: Data and statistics. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/data_stats/index.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022e). Parasites: Toxoplasmosis (toxoplasma infection): Resources for health professionals. https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/health_professionals/index.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022f). Chickenpox (Varicella): For healthcare professionals. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Division of Viral Diseases. https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/hcp/index.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/maternal-or-infant-illnesses/hiv.html
Chaudhry, K., Tafti, D., & Siccardi, M. A. (2023). Anembryonic pregnancy. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499938/
Chen, D., Niu, Q., Liu, S., Shao, W., Huang, Y., Xu, Y., Li, Y., Liu, J., Wang, X., & Yang, H. (2023). The correlation between prenatal maternal active smoking and neurodevelopmental disorders in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 611. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15496-z
Chilaka, V. N., & Konje, J. C. (2021). Viral hepatitis in pregnancy. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, 256, 287–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.11.052
Cleveland Clinic. (2022). Teratogens. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24325-teratogens
Cohen, A., Osorio, R., & Page, L. M. (2017). Substance misuse in pregnancy. Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, 27(10), 316–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogrm.2017.07.003
Coleman, L. (2019). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 212: Pregnancy and heart disease. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 133(5), e320–e356. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003243
Cortés-Albornoz, M. C., García-Guáqueta, D. P., Velez-van-Meerbeke, A., & Talero-Gutiérrez, C. (2021). Maternal nutrition and neurodevelopment: A scoping review. Nutrients, 13(10), 3530. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103530
Cunningham F. G., Leveno, K. J., Bloom, S. L., Dashe, J. S., Hoffman B. L., Casey, B. M., & Spong, C. Y. (2018). Williams obstetrics (25th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
D'Alton, M., & Breslin, N. (2020). Management of multiple gestations. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: The Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 150(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13168
de la Calle, M., Bartha, J. L., Lopez, C. M., Turiel, M., Martinez, N., Arribas, S. M., & Ramiro-Cortijo, D. (2021). Younger age in adolescent pregnancies is associated with higher risk of adverse outcomes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8514. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168514
Dimitriadis, E., Menkhorst, E., Saito, S., Kutteh, W. H., & Brosens, J. J. (2020). Recurrent pregnancy loss. Nature Reviews: Disease primers, 6(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-020-00228-z
Eltonsy, S., Forget, A., Beauchesne, M. F., & Blais, L. (2015). Risk of congenital malformations for asthmatic pregnant women using a long-acting β₂-agonist and inhaled corticosteroid combination versus higher-dose inhaled corticosteroid monotherapy. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 135(1), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.051
England, A. (2023, June 22). Misoprostol (Cytotec) for missed miscarriage or spontaneous abortion. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/cytotec-for-missed-abortion
Fejzo, M. S., Trovik, J., Grooten, I. J., Sridharan, K., Roseboom, T. J., Vikanes, Å., Painter, R. C., & Mullin, P. M. (2019). Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum. Nature Reviews: Disease Primers, 5(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0110-3
Genc, S., Emeklioglu, C. N., Cingillioglu, B., Akturk, E., Ozkan, H. T., & Mihmanlı, V. (2021). The effect of parity on obstetric and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies at the age of 40 and above: A retrospective study. Croatian Medical Journal, 62(2), 130–136. https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2021.62.130
Gieles, N. C., Tankink, J. B., van Midde, M., Düker, J., van der Lans, P., Wessels, C. M., Bloemenkamp, K. W. M., Bonsel, G., van den Akker, T., Goosen, S., Rijken, M. J., & Browne, J. L. (2019). Maternal and perinatal outcomes of asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Europe: A systematic review. European Journal of Public Health, 29(4), 714–723. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz042
Girardi, G., Longo, M., & Bremer, A. A. (2023). Social determinants of health in pregnant individuals from underrepresented, understudied, and underreported populations in the United States. International Journal for Equity in Health, 22(186). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-023-01963-x
Glick, I., Kadish, E., & Rottenstreich, M. (2021). Management of pregnancy in women of advanced maternal age: Improving outcomes for mother and baby. International Journal of Women's Health, 13, 751–759. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S283216
Govender, D., Naidoo, S., & Taylor, M. (2020). "I have to provide for another life emotionally, physically and financially": Understanding pregnancy, motherhood and the future aspirations of adolescent mothers in KwaZulu-Natal South, Africa. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1), 620. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03319-7
Griggs, K. M., Hrelic, D. A., Williams, N., McEwen-Campbell, M., & Cypher, R. (2020). Preterm labor and birth: A clinical review. MCN. The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 45(6), 328–337. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMC.0000000000000656
Guttmacher Institute. (2023, May 1). An overview of consent to reproductive health services by young people. https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/explore/overview-minors-consent-law
Hacker, M., Firk, C., Konrad, K., Paschke, K., Neulen, J., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., & Dahmen, B. (2021). Pregnancy complications, substance abuse, and prenatal care predict birthweight in adolescent mothers. Archives Belges de Santé Publique [Archives of Public Health], 79(1), 1–137. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00642-z
Hladunewich M. A. (2017). Chronic kidney disease and pregnancy. Seminars in Nephrology, 37(4), 337–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2017.05.005
Hwang, D. S., & Mahdy, H. (2023). Polyhydramnios. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562140/
Jain, D., Atmapoojya, P., Colah, R., & Lodha, P. (2019). Sickle cell disease and pregnancy. Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 11(1), e2019040. https://doi.org/10.4084/MJHID.2019.040
Jauniaux, E., Alfirevic, Z., Bhide, A. G., Belfort, M. A., Burton, G. J., Collins, S. L., Dornan, S., Jurkovic, D., Kayem, G., Kingdom, J., Silver, R., Sentilhes, L., & Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. (2019). Placenta praevia and placenta accreta: Diagnosis and management: Green-top Guideline No. 27a. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 126(1), e1–e48. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.15306
Johns, E. C., Denison, F. C., Norman, J. E., & Reynolds, R. M. (2018). Gestational diabetes mellitus: Mechanisms, treatment, and complications. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM, 29(11), 743–754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2018.09.004
Kamel, H., Roman, M. J., Pitcher, A., & Devereux, R. B. (2016). Pregnancy and the risk of aortic dissection or rupture: A cohort-crossover analysis. Circulation, 134(7), 527–533. https://doi.org/ 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.021594
Keilman, C., & Shanks, A. L. (2024). Oligohydramnios. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562326/
Khalid, F., Mahendraker, N., & Tonismae, T. (2023). HELLP syndrome. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560615/
Kim, M. K., Lee, S. M., Bae, S. H., Kim, H. J., Lim, N. G., Yoon, S. J., Lee, J. Y., & Jo, M. W. (2018). Socioeconomic status can affect pregnancy outcomes and complications, even with a universal healthcare system. International Journal for Equity in Health, 17(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-017-0715-7
Korevaar, T. I. M., Medici, M., Visser, T. J., & Peeters, R. P. (2017). Thyroid disease in pregnancy: New insights in diagnosis and clinical management. Nature Reviews. Endocrinology, 13(10), 610–622. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2017.93
Laskowska, M. (2023). Eclampsia: A critical pregnancy complication demanding enhanced maternal care: A review. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 29, e939919. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.939919
Leidecker, K., & Dorman, K. (2016). Pulmonary disorders complicating pregnancy. The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 30(1), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1097/JPN.0000000000000148.
Li, Y., & Meador, K. J. (2022). Epilepsy and pregnancy. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.), 28(1), 34–54. https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000001056
Lockwood, C. J. (2014, December 5). ACOG guidelines: Management of late-term and postterm pregnancies. https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/acog-guidelines-management-late-term-and-postterm-pregnancies
Lui, M. W., & Ho, P. C. (2020). First trimester termination of pregnancy. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 63, 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.06.004
MacDonald, S. C., Bateman, B. T., McElrath, T. F., & Hernández-Díaz, S. (2015). Mortality and morbidity during delivery hospitalization among pregnant women with epilepsy in the United States. JAMA Neurology, 72(9), 981–988. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.1017
Maheshwari, M. V., Khalid, N., Patel, P. D., Alghareeb, R., & Hussain, A. (2022). Maternal and neonatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancy: A narrative review. Cureus, 14(6), e25921. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.25921
March of Dimes. (2021). Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy. Healthy Moms. Strong Babies. https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/cytomegalovirus-and-pregnancy
Marufu, T. C., Ahankari, A., Coleman, T., & Lewis, S. (2015). Maternal smoking and the risk of still birth: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 1–15.
Maslovich, M. M., & Burke, L. M. (2022). Intrauterine fetal demise. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557533/
Mayer, C., & Apodaca-Ramos, I. (2023). Tocolysis. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562212/
McGeough, C., Walsh, A., & Clyne, B. (2020). Barriers and facilitators perceived by women while homeless and pregnant in accessing antenatal and or postnatal healthcare: A qualitative evidence synthesis. Health and Social Care in the Community, 28(5), 1380–1393. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12972
Meng, M. L., Arendt, K. W., Banayan, J. M., Bradley, E. A., Vaught, A. J., Hameed, A. B., Harris, J., Bryner, B., Mehta, L. S., & American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative and Resuscitation, & Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease. (2023). Anesthetic care of the pregnant patient with cardiovascular disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 147(11), e657–e673. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001121
Merz, W. M., Fischer-Betz, R., Hellwig, K., Lamprecht, G., & Gembruch, U. (2022). Pregnancy and autoimmune disease. Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 119(9), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0353
Morales, D. R., Fonkwen, L., & Nordeng, H. M. E. (2021). Antithyroid drug use during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects in offspring: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies with methodological considerations. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 87(10), 3890–3900. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14805
Nana, A., & Zema, T. (2018). Dietary practices and associated factors during pregnancy in northwestern Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), 183. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1822-1
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2020). Nutrition during pregnancy and lactation: Exploring new evidence: Proceedings of a Workshop. National Academies Press (US). https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/25841/chapter/1
Ngan, H. Y. S., Seckl, M. J., Berkowitz, R. S., Xiang, Y., Golfier, F., Sekharan, P. K., Lurain, J. R., & Massuger, L. (2021). Diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease: 2021 update. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: The Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 155(Suppl 1), 86–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13877
NIDA. (2021, April 12). What are the risks of smoking during pregnancy? https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/tobacco-nicotine-e-cigarettes/what-are-risks-smoking-during-pregnancy
Nursing 2024 Drug Handbook (44th ed.). (2023). Wolters Kluwer.
Nwaohiri, A., Schillie, S., Bulterys, M., & Kourtis, A. P. (2018). Hepatitis C virus infection in children: How do we prevent it and how do we treat it? Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 16(9), 689–694. https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2018.1509707
Okosieme, O. E., Khan, I., & Taylor, P. N. (2018). Preconception management of thyroid dysfunction. Clinical Endocrinology, 89(3), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.13731
Patel, S. I., & Pennell, P. B. (2016). Management of epilepsy during pregnancy: An update. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, 9(2), 118–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756285615623934
Petrakos, G., Andriopoulos, P., & Tsironi, M. (2016). Pregnancy in women with thalassemia: Challenges and solutions. International Journal of Women's Health, 8, 441–451. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S89308
Sapra, K. J., Buck Louis, G. M., Sundaram, R., Joseph, K. S., Bates, L. M., Galea, S., & Ananth, C. V. (2016). Signs and symptoms associated with early pregnancy loss: Findings from a population-based preconception cohort. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 31(4), 887–896. https://doi 10.1093/humrep/dew010
Selwyn, C. N. (2020). Quality care for women’s health: When home is not safe for mothers. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 16, 547–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.04.013
Sheen, J. J., Wright, J. D., Goffman, D., Kern-Goldberger, A. R., Booker, W., Siddiq, Z., D'Alton, M. E., & Friedman, A. M. (2018). Maternal age and risk for adverse outcomes. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 219(4), 390.e1–390.e15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2018.08.034
Shen, M., Smith, G. N., Rodger, M., White, R. R., Walker, M. C., & Wen, S. W. (2017). Comparison of risk factors and outcomes of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. PloS One, 12(4), e0175914. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175914
Shi, H., Chen, L., Wang, Y., Sun, M., Guo, Y., Ma, S., Wang, X., Jiang, H., Wang, X., Lu, J., Ge, L., Dong, S., Zhuang, Y., Zhao, Y., Wei, Y., Ma, X., & Qiao, J. (2022). Severity of anemia during pregnancy and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. JAMA Network Open, 5(2), e2147046. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47046
Sim, B. L., Daniel, R. S., Hong, S. S., Matar, R. H., Ganiel, I., Nakanishi, H., Mansour, R., Than, C. A., & Alrahmani, L. (2023). Pregnancy outcomes in women with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Rheumatology: Practical Reports on Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Diseases, 29(1), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1097/RHU.0000000000001935
Skidmore-Roth, L. (2024). Mosby’s nursing drug reference (37th ed.). Mosby.
Szlachta-McGinn, A., Aserlind, A., Duthely, L., Oldak, S., Babriwala, R., Montgomerie, E., & Potter, J. (2020). HIV screening during pregnancy in a U.S. HIV epicenter. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2020, 8196342. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8196342
U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020). Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020–2025. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2020-12/Dietary_Guidelines_for_Americans_2020-2025.pdf
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2018). Screening for syphilis infection in pregnant women: US Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement. Journal of American Medical Association, 320(9):911–917. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.11785
Urato A. C. (2020). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 220: Management of genital herpes in pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 136(4), 850–851. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004115
Ursache, A., Lozneanu, L., Bujor, I., Cristofor, A., Popescu, I., Gireada, R., Mandici, C. E., Găină, M. A., Grigore, M., & Matasariu, D. R. (2023). Epidemiology of adverse outcomes in teenage pregnancy—A northeastern Romanian tertiary referral center. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1226. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021226
van Dijk, M. M., Kolte, A. M., Limpens, J., Kirk, E., Quenby, S., van Wely, M., & Goddijn, M. (2020). Recurrent pregnancy loss: Diagnostic workup after two or three pregnancy losses? A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Human Reproduction Update, 26(3), 356–367. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmz048
Wiles, K., Chappell, L., Clark, K., Elman, L., Hall, M., Lightstone, L., Mohamed, G., Mukherjee, D., Nelson-Piercy, C., Webster, P., Whybrow, R., & Braham, K. (2019). Clinical practice guideline on pregnancy and renal disease. BMC Nephrology, 20, 401. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-019-1560-2
Wilson, C. A., Finch, E., Kerr, C., & Shakespeare, J. (2020). Alcohol, smoking, and other substance use in the perinatal period BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 369, m1627. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1627
Wilson, E. R., & Kahn, A. (2018). Second trimester pregnancy complications. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/second-trimester-complications#outlook
World Health Organization. (2021). Abortion. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/abortion
World Health Organization. (2022). Adolescent pregnancy. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-pregnancy
World Health Organization. (2023a). Anaemia. Retrieved March 18, 2023, from https://www.who.int/data/nutrition/nlis/info/anaemia
World Health Organization. (2023b). Maternal mortality. Retrieved March 18, 2023, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality
Zhou, D., & Wen, X. (2022). Self-employment and health inequality of migrant workers. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1), 1–937. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08340-4