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Introductory Business Statistics 2e

A | Statistical Tables

Introductory Business Statistics 2eA | Statistical Tables

F Distribution

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Figure A1 Table entry for p is the critical value F* with probability p lying to its right.
Degrees of freedom in the numerator
Degrees of freedom
in the denominator		 p 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 .100 39.86 49.50 53.59 55.83 57.24 58.20 58.91 59.44 59.86
.050 161.45 199.50 215.71 224.58 230.16 233.99 236.77 238.88 240.54
.025 647.79 799.50 864.16 899.58 921.85 937.11 948.22 956.66 963.28
.010 4052.2 4999.5 5403.4 5624.6 5763.6 5859.0 5928.4 5981.1 6022.5
.001 405284 500000 540379 562500 576405 585937 592873 598144 602284
2 .100 8.53 9.00 9.16 9.24 9.29 9.33 9.35 9.37 9.38
.050 18.51 19.00 19.16 19.25 19.30 19.33 19.35 19.37 19.38
.025 38.51 39.00 39.17 39.25 39.30 39.33 39.36 39.37 39.39
.010 98.50 99.00 99.17 99.25 99.30 99.33 99.36 99.37 99.39
.001 998.50 999.00 999.17 999.25 999.30 999.33 999.36 999.37 999.39
3 .100 5.54 5.46 5.39 5.34 5.31 5.28 5.27 5.25 5.24
.050 10.13 9.55 9.28 9.12 9.01 8.94 8.89 8.85 8.81
.025 17.44 16.04 15.44 15.10 14.88 14.73 14.62 14.54 14.47
.010 34.12 30.82 29.46 28.71 28.24 27.91 27.67 27.49 27.35
.001 167.03 148.50 141.11 137.10 134.58 132.85 131.58 130.62 129.86
4 .100 4.54 4.32 4.19 4.11 4.05 4.01 3.98 3.95 3.94
.050 7.71 6.94 6.59 6.39 6.26 6.16 6.09 6.04 6.00
.025 12.22 10.65 9.98 9.60 9.36 9.20 9.07 8.98 8.90
.010 21.20 18.00 16.69 15.98 15.52 15.21 14.98 14.80 14.66
.001 74.14 61.25 56.18 53.44 51.71 50.53 49.66 49.00 48.47
5 .100 4.06 3.78 3.62 3.52 3.45 3.40 3.37 3.34 3.32
.050 6.61 5.79 5.41 5.19 5.05 4.95 4.88 4.82 4.77
.025 10.01 8.43 7.76 7.39 7.15 6.98 6.85 6.76 6.68
.010 16.26 13.27 12.06 11.39 10.97 10.67 10.46 10.29 10.16
.001 47.18 37.12 33.20 31.09 29.75 28.83 28.16 27.65 27.24
6 .100 3.78 3.46 3.29 3.18 3.11 3.05 3.01 2.98 2.96
.050 5.99 5.14 4.76 4.53 4.39 4.28 4.21 4.15 4.10
.025 8.81 7.26 6.60 6.23 5.99 5.82 5.70 5.60 5.52
.010 13.75 10.92 9.78 9.15 8.75 8.47 8.26 8.10 7.98
.001 35.51 27.00 23.70 21.92 20.80 20.03 19.46 19.03 18.69
7 .100 3.59 3.26 3.07 2.96 2.88 2.83 2.78 2.75 2.72
.050 5.59 4.74 4.35 4.12 3.97 3.87 3.79 3.73 3.68
.025 8.07 6.54 5.89 5.52 5.29 5.12 4.99 4.90 4.82
.010 12.25 9.55 8.45 7.85 7.46 7.19 6.99 6.84 6.72
.001 29.25 21.69 18.77 17.20 16.21 15.52 15.02 14.63 14.33
Table A1 F critical values
Degrees of freedom in the numerator
Degrees of freedom
in the denominator		 p 10 12 15 20 25 30
1 .100 60.19 60.71 61.22 61.74 62.05 62.26
.050 241.88 243.91 245.95 248.01 249.26 250.10
.025 968.63 976.71 984.87 993.10 998.08 1001.4
.010 6055.8 6106.3 6157.3 6208.7 6239.8 6260.6
.001 605621 610668 615764 620908 624017 626099
2 .100 9.39 9.41 9.42 9.44 9.45 9.46
.050 19.40 19.41 19.43 19.45 19.46 19.46
.025 39.40 39.41 39.43 39.45 39.46 39.46
.010 99.40 99.42 99.43 99.45 99.46 99.47
.001 999.40 999.42 999.43 999.45 999.46 999.47
3 .100 5.23 5.22 5.20 5.18 5.17 5.17
.050 8.79 8.74 8.70 8.66 8.63 8.62
.025 14.42 14.34 14.25 14.17 14.12 14.08
.010 27.23 27.05 26.87 26.69 26.58 26.50
.001 129.25 128.32 127.37 126.42 125.84 125.45
4 .100 3.92 3.90 3.87 3.84 3.83 3.82
.050 5.96 5.91 5.86 5.80 5.77 5.75
.025 8.84 8.75 8.66 8.56 8.50 8.46
.010 14.55 14.37 14.20 14.02 13.91 13.84
.001 48.05 47.41 46.76 46.10 45.70 45.43
5 .100 3.30 3.27 3.24 3.21 3.19 3.17
.050 4.74 4.68 4.62 4.56 4.52 4.50
.025 6.62 6.52 6.43 6.33 6.27 6.23
.010 10.05 9.89 9.72 9.55 9.45 9.38
.001 26.92 26.42 25.91 25.39 25.08 24.87
6 .100 2.94 2.90 2.87 2.84 2.81 2.80
.050 4.06 4.00 3.94 3.87 3.83 3.81
.025 5.46 5.37 5.27 5.17 5.11 5.07
.010 7.87 7.72 7.56 7.40 7.30 7.23
.001 18.41 17.99 17.56 17.12 16.85 16.67
7 .100 2.70 2.67 2.63 2.59 2.57 2.56
.050 3.64 3.57 3.51 3.44 3.40 3.38
.025 4.76 4.67 4.57 4.47 4.40 4.36
.010 6.62 6.47 6.31 6.16 6.06 5.99
.001 14.08 13.71 13.32 12.93 12.69 12.53
Table A2 F critical values (continued)
Degrees of freedom in the numerator
Degrees of freedom
in the denominator		 p 40 50 60 120 1000
1 .100 62.53 62.69 62.79 63.06 63.30
.050 251.14 251.77 252.20 253.25 254.19
.025 1005.6 1008.1 1009.8 1014.0 1017.7
.010 6286.8 6302.5 6313.0 6339.4 6362.7
.001 628712 630285 631337 633972 636301
2 .100 9.47 9.47 9.47 9.48 9.49
.050 19.47 19.48 19.48 19.49 19.49
.025 39.47 39.48 39.48 39.49 39.50
.010 99.47 99.48 99.48 99.49 99.50
.001 999.47 999.48 999.48 999.49 999.50
3 .100 5.16 5.15 5.15 5.14 5.13
.050 8.59 8.58 8.57 8.55 8.53
.025 14.04 14.01 13.99 13.95 13.91
.010 26.41 26.35 26.32 26.22 26.14
.001 124.96 124.66 124.47 123.97 123.53
4 .100 3.80 3.80 3.79 3.78 3.76
.050 5.72 5.70 5.69 5.66 5.63
.025 8.41 8.38 8.36 8.31 8.26
.010 13.75 13.69 13.65 13.56 13.47
.001 45.09 44.88 44.75 44.40 44.09
5 .100 3.16 3.15 3.14 3.12 3.11
.050 4.46 4.44 4.43 4.40 4.37
.025 6.18 6.14 6.12 6.07 6.02
.010 9.29 9.24 9.20 9.11 9.03
.001 24.60 24.44 24.33 24.06 23.82
6 .100 2.78 2.77 2.76 2.74 2.72
.050 3.77 3.75 3.74 3.70 3.67
.025 5.01 4.98 4.96 4.90 4.86
.010 7.14 7.09 7.06 6.97 6.89
.001 16.44 16.31 16.21 15.98 15.77
7 .100 2.54 2.52 2.51 2.49 2.47
.050 3.34 3.32 3.30 3.27 3.23
.025 4.31 4.28 4.25 4.20 4.15
.010 5.91 5.86 5.82 5.74 5.66
.001 12.33 12.20 12.12 11.91 11.72
Table A3 F critical values (continued)
Degrees of freedom in the numerator
Degrees of freedom
in the denominator		 p 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8 .100 3.46 3.11 2.92 2.81 2.73 2.67 2.62 2.59 2.56
.050 5.32 4.46 4.07 3.84 3.69 3.58 3.50 3.44 3.39
.025 7.57 6.06 5.42 5.05 4.82 4.65 4.53 4.43 4.36
.010 11.26 8.65 7.59 7.01 6.63 6.37 6.18 6.03 5.91
.001 25.41 18.49 15.83 14.39 13.48 12.86 12.40 12.05 11.77
9 .100 3.36 3.01 2.81 2.69 2.61 2.55 2.51 2.47 2.44
.050 5.12 4.26 3.86 3.63 3.48 3.37 3.29 3.23 3.18
.025 7.21 5.71 5.08 4.72 4.48 4.32 4.20 4.10 4.03
.010 10.56 8.02 6.99 6.42 6.06 5.80 5.61 5.47 5.35
.001 22.86 16.39 13.90 12.56 11.71 11.13 10.70 10.37 10.11
10 .100 3.29 2.92 2.73 2.61 2.52 2.46 2.41 2.38 2.35
.050 4.96 4.10 3.71 3.48 3.33 3.22 3.14 3.07 3.02
.025 6.94 5.46 4.83 4.47 4.24 4.07 3.95 3.85 3.78
.010 10.04 7.56 6.55 5.99 5.64 5.39 5.20 5.06 4.94
.001 21.04 14.91 12.55 11.28 10.48 9.93 9.52 9.20 8.96
11 .100 3.23 2.86 2.66 2.54 2.45 2.39 2.34 2.30 2.27
.050 4.84 3.98 3.59 3.36 3.20 3.09 3.01 2.95 2.90
.025 6.72 5.26 4.63 4.28 4.04 3.88 3.76 3.66 3.59
.010 9.65 7.21 6.22 5.67 5.32 5.07 4.89 4.74 4.63
.001 19.69 13.81 11.56 10.35 9.58 9.05 8.66 8.35 8.12
12 .100 3.18 2.81 2.61 2.48 2.39 2.33 2.28 2.24 2.21
.050 4.75 3.89 3.49 3.26 3.11 3.00 2.91 2.85 2.80
.025 6.55 5.10 4.47 4.12 3.89 3.73 3.61 3.51 3.44
.010 9.33 6.93 5.95 5.41 5.06 4.82 4.64 4.50 4.39
.001 18.64 12.97 10.80 9.63 8.89 8.38 8.00 7.71 7.48
13 .100 3.14 2.76 2.56 2.43 2.35 2.28 2.23 2.20 2.16
.050 4.67 3.81 3.41 3.18 3.03 2.92 2.83 2.77 2.71
.025 6.41 4.97 4.35 4.00 3.77 3.60 3.48 3.39 3.31
.010 9.07 6.70 5.74 5.21 4.86 4.62 4.44 4.30 4.19
.001 17.82 12.31 10.21 9.07 8.35 7.86 7.49 7.21 6.98
14 .100 3.10 2.73 2.52 2.39 2.31 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.12
.050 4.60 3.74 3.34 3.11 2.96 2.85 2.76 2.70 2.65
.025 6.30 4.86 4.24 3.89 3.66 3.50 3.38 3.29 3.21
.010 8.86 6.51 5.56 5.04 4.69 4.46 4.28 4.14 4.03
.001 17.14 11.78 9.73 8.62 7.92 7.44 7.08 6.80 6.58
15 .100 3.07 2.70 2.49 2.36 2.27 2.21 2.16 2.12 2.09
.050 4.54 3.68 3.29 3.06 2.90 2.79 2.71 2.64 2.59
.025 6.20 4.77 4.15 3.80 3.58 3.41 3.29 3.20 3.12
.010 8.68 6.36 5.42 4.89 4.56 4.32 4.14 4.00 3.89
.001 16.59 11.34 9.34 8.25 7.57 7.09 6.74 6.47 6.26
Table A4 F critical values (continued)
Degrees of freedom in the numerator
Degrees of freedom
in the denominator		 p 10 12 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 120 1000
8 .100 2.54 2.50 2.46 2.42 2.40 2.38 2.36 2.35 2.34 2.32 2.30
.050 3.35 3.28 3.22 3.15 3.11 3.08 3.04 3.02 3.01 2.97 2.93
.025 4.30 4.20 4.10 4.00 3.94 3.89 3.84 3.81 3.78 3.73 3.68
.010 5.81 5.67 5.52 5.36 5.26 5.20 5.12 5.07 5.03 4.95 4.87
.001 11.54 11.19 10.84 10.48 10.26 10.11 9.92 9.80 9.73 9.53 9.36
9 .100 2.42 2.38 2.34 2.30 2.27 2.25 2.23 2.22 2.21 2.18 2.16
.050 3.14 3.07 3.01 2.94 2.89 2.86 2.83 2.80 2.79 2.75 2.71
.025 3.96 3.87 3.77 3.67 3.60 3.56 3.51 3.47 3.45 3.39 3.34
.010 5.26 5.11 4.96 4.81 4.71 4.65 4.57 4.52 4.48 4.40 4.32
.001 9.89 9.57 9.24 8.90 8.69 8.55 8.37 8.26 8.19 8.00 7.84
10 .100 2.32 2.28 2.24 2.20 2.17 2.16 2.13 2.12 2.11 2.08 2.06
.050 2.98 2.91 2.85 2.77 2.73 2.70 2.66 2.64 2.62 2.58 2.54
.025 3.72 3.62 3.52 3.42 3.35 3.31 3.26 3.22 3.20 3.14 3.09
.010 4.85 4.71 4.56 4.41 4.31 4.25 4.17 4.12 4.08 4.00 3.92
.001 8.75 8.45 8.13 7.80 7.60 7.47 7.30 7.19 7.12 6.94 6.78
11 .100 2.25 2.21 2.17 2.12 2.10 2.08 2.05 2.04 2.03 2.00 1.98
.050 2.85 2.79 2.72 2.65 2.60 2.57 2.53 2.51 2.49 2.45 2.41
.025 3.53 3.43 3.33 3.23 3.16 3.12 3.06 3.03 3.00 2.94 2.89
.010 4.54 4.40 4.25 4.10 4.01 3.94 3.86 3.81 3.78 3.69 3.61
.001 7.92 7.63 7.32 7.01 6.81 6.68 6.52 6.42 6.35 6.18 6.02
12 .100 2.19 2.15 2.10 2.06 2.03 2.01 1.99 1.97 1.96 1.93 1.91
.050 2.75 2.69 2.62 2.54 2.50 2.47 2.43 2.40 2.38 2.34 2.30
.025 3.37 3.28 3.18 3.07 3.01 2.96 2.91 2.87 2.85 2.79 2.73
.010 4.30 4.16 4.01 3.86 3.76 3.70 3.62 3.57 3.54 3.45 3.37
.001 7.29 7.00 6.71 6.40 6.22 6.09 5.93 5.83 5.76 5.59 5.44
13 .100 2.14 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.98 1.96 1.93 1.92 1.90 1.88 1.85
.050 2.67 2.60 2.53 2.46 2.41 2.38 2.34 2.31 2.30 2.25 2.21
.025 3.25 3.15 3.05 2.95 2.88 2.84 2.78 2.74 2.72 2.66 2.60
.010 4.10 3.96 3.82 3.66 3.57 3.51 3.43 3.38 3.34 3.25 3.18
.001 6.80 6.52 6.23 5.93 5.75 5.63 5.47 5.37 5.30 5.14 4.99
14 .100 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.96 1.93 1.91 1.89 1.87 1.86 1.83 1.80
.050 2.60 2.53 2.46 2.39 2.34 2.31 2.27 2.24 2.22 2.18 2.14
.025 3.15 3.05 2.95 2.84 2.78 2.73 2.67 2.64 2.61 2.55 2.50
.010 3.94 3.80 3.66 3.51 3.41 3.35 3.27 3.22 3.18 3.09 3.02
.001 6.40 6.13 5.85 5.56 5.38 5.25 5.10 5.00 4.94 4.77 4.62
15 .100 2.06 2.02 1.97 1.92 1.89 1.87 1.85 1.83 1.82 1.79 1.76
.050 2.54 2.48 2.40 2.33 2.28 2.25 2.20 2.18 2.16 2.11 2.07
.025 3.06 2.96 2.86 2.76 2.69 2.64 2.59 2.55 2.52 2.46 2.40
.010 3.80 3.67 3.52 3.37 3.28 3.21 3.13 3.08 3.05 2.96 2.88
.001 6.08 5.81 5.54 5.25 5.07 4.95 4.80 4.70 4.64 4.47 4.33
Table A5 F critical values (continued)
Degrees of freedom in the numerator
Degrees of freedom
in the denominator		 p 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
16 .100 3.05 2.67 2.46 2.33 2.24 2.18 2.13 2.09 2.06
.050 4.49 3.63 3.24 3.01 2.85 2.74 2.66 2.59 2.54
.025 6.12 4.69 4.08 3.73 3.50 3.34 3.22 3.12 3.05
.010 8.53 6.23 5.29 4.77 4.44 4.20 4.03 3.89 3.78
.001 16.12 10.97 9.01 7.94 7.27 6.80 6.46 6.19 5.98
17 .100 3.03 2.64 2.44 2.31 2.22 2.15 2.10 2.06 2.03
.050 4.45 3.59 3.20 2.96 2.81 2.70 2.61 2.55 2.49
.025 6.04 4.62 4.01 3.66 3.44 3.28 3.16 3.06 2.98
.010 8.40 6.11 5.19 4.67 4.34 4.10 3.93 3.79 3.68
.001 15.72 10.66 8.73 7.68 7.02 6.56 6.22 5.96 5.75
18 .100 3.01 2.62 2.42 2.29 2.20 2.13 2.08 2.04 2.00
.050 4.41 3.55 3.16 2.93 2.77 2.66 2.58 2.51 2.46
.025 5.98 4.56 3.95 3.61 3.38 3.22 3.10 3.01 2.93
.010 8.29 6.01 5.09 4.58 4.25 4.01 3.84 3.71 3.60
.001 15.38 10.39 8.49 7.46 6.81 6.35 6.02 5.76 5.56
19 .100 3.36 3.01 2.81 2.69 2.61 2.55 2.51 2.47 2.44
.050 5.12 4.26 3.86 3.63 3.48 3.37 3.29 3.23 3.18
.025 7.21 5.71 5.08 4.72 4.48 4.32 4.20 4.10 4.03
.010 10.56 8.02 6.99 6.42 6.06 5.80 5.61 5.47 5.35
.001 22.86 16.39 13.90 12.56 11.71 11.13 10.70 10.37 10.11
20 .100 2.97 2.59 2.38 2.25 2.16 2.09 2.04 2.00 1.96
.050 4.35 3.49 3.10 2.87 2.71 2.60 2.51 2.45 2.39
.025 5.87 4.46 3.86 3.51 3.29 3.13 3.01 2.91 2.84
.010 8.10 5.85 4.94 4.43 4.10 3.87 3.70 3.56 3.46
.001 14.82 9.95 8.10 7.10 6.46 6.02 5.69 5.44 5.24
21 .100 2.96 2.57 2.36 2.23 2.14 2.08 2.02 1.98 1.95
.050 4.32 3.47 3.07 2.84 2.68 2.57 2.49 2.42 2.37
.025 5.83 4.42 3.82 3.48 3.25 3.09 2.97 2.87 2.80
.010 8.02 5.78 4.87 4.37 4.04 3.81 3.64 3.51 3.40
.001 14.59 9.77 7.94 6.95 6.32 5.88 5.56 5.31 5.11
22 .100 2.95 2.56 2.35 2.22 2.13 2.06 2.01 1.97 1.93
.050 4.30 3.44 3.05 2.82 2.66 2.55 2.46 2.40 2.34
.025 5.79 4.38 3.78 3.44 3.22 3.05 2.93 2.84 2.76
.010 7.95 5.72 4.82 4.31 3.99 3.76 3.59 3.45 3.35
.001 14.38 9.61 7.80 6.81 6.19 5.76 5.44 5.19 4.99
23 .100 2.94 2.55 2.34 2.21 2.11 2.05 1.99 1.95 1.92
.050 4.28 3.42 3.03 2.80 2.64 2.53 2.44 2.37 2.32
.025 5.75 4.35 3.75 3.41 3.18 3.02 2.90 2.81 2.73
.010 7.88 5.66 4.76 4.26 3.94 3.71 3.54 3.41 3.30
.001 14.20 9.47 7.67 6.70 6.08 5.65 5.33 5.09 4.89
Table A6 F critical values (continued)
Degrees of freedom in the numerator
Degrees of freedom
in the denominator		 p 10 12 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 120 1000
16 .100 2.03 1.99 1.94 1.89 1.86 1.84 1.81 1.79 1.78 1.75 1.72
.050 2.49 2.42 2.35 2.28 2.23 2.19 2.15 2.12 2.11 2.06 2.02
.025 2.99 2.89 2.79 2.68 2.61 2.57 2.51 2.47 2.45 2.38 2.32
.010 3.69 3.55 3.41 3.26 3.16 3.10 3.02 2.97 2.93 2.84 2.76
.001 5.81 5.55 5.27 4.99 4.82 4.70 4.54 4.45 4.39 4.23 4.08
17 .100 2.00 1.96 1.91 1.86 1.83 1.81 1.78 1.76 1.75 1.72 1.69
.050 2.45 2.38 2.31 2.23 2.18 2.15 2.10 2.08 2.06 2.01 1.97
.025 2.92 2.82 2.72 2.62 2.55 2.50 2.44 2.41 2.38 2.32 2.26
.010 3.59 3.46 3.31 3.16 3.07 3.00 2.92 2.87 2.83 2.75 2.66
.001 5.58 5.32 5.05 4.78 4.60 4.48 4.33 4.24 4.18 4.02 3.87
18 .100 1.98 1.93 1.89 1.84 1.80 1.78 1.75 1.74 1.72 1.69 1.66
.050 2.41 2.34 2.27 2.19 2.14 2.11 2.06 2.04 2.02 1.97 1.92
.025 2.87 2.77 2.67 2.56 2.49 2.44 2.38 2.35 2.32 2.26 2.20
.010 3.51 3.37 3.23 3.08 2.98 2.92 2.84 2.78 2.75 2.66 2.58
.001 5.39 5.13 4.87 4.59 4.42 4.30 4.15 4.06 4.00 3.84 3.69
19 .100 1.96 1.91 1.86 1.81 1.78 1.76 1.73 1.71 1.70 1.67 1.64
.050 2.38 2.31 2.23 2.16 2.11 2.07 2.03 2.00 1.98 1.93 1.88
.025 2.82 2.72 2.62 2.51 2.44 2.39 2.33 2.30 2.27 2.20 2.14
.010 3.43 3.30 3.15 3.00 2.91 2.84 2.76 2.71 2.67 2.58 2.50
.001 5.22 4.97 4.70 4.43 4.26 4.14 3.99 3.90 3.84 3.68 3.53
20 .100 1.94 1.89 1.84 1.79 1.76 1.74 1.71 1.69 1.68 1.64 1.61
.050 2.35 2.28 2.20 2.12 2.07 2.04 1.99 1.97 1.95 1.90 1.85
.025 2.77 2.68 2.57 2.46 2.40 2.35 2.29 2.25 2.22 2.16 2.09
.010 3.37 3.23 3.09 2.94 2.84 2.78 2.69 2.64 2.61 2.52 2.43
.001 5.08 4.82 4.56 4.29 4.12 4.00 3.86 3.77 3.70 3.54 3.40
21 .100 1.92 1.87 1.83 1.78 1.74 1.72 1.69 1.67 1.66 1.62 1.59
.050 2.32 2.25 2.18 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.96 1.94 1.92 1.87 1.82
.025 2.73 2.64 2.53 2.42 2.36 2.31 2.25 2.21 2.18 2.11 2.05
.010 3.31 3.17 3.03 2.88 2.79 2.72 2.64 2.58 2.55 2.46 2.37
.001 4.95 4.70 4.44 4.17 4.00 3.88 3.74 3.64 3.58 3.42 3.28
22 .100 1.90 1.86 1.81 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.65 1.64 1.60 1.57
.050 2.30 2.23 2.15 2.07 2.02 1.98 1.94 1.91 1.89 1.84 1.79
.025 2.70 2.60 2.50 2.39 2.32 2.27 2.21 2.17 2.14 2.08 2.01
.010 3.26 3.12 2.98 2.83 2.73 2.67 2.58 2.53 2.50 2.40 2.32
.001 4.83 4.58 4.33 4.06 3.89 3.78 3.63 3.54 3.48 3.32 3.17
23 .100 1.89 1.84 1.80 1.74 1.71 1.69 1.66 1.64 1.62 1.59 1.55
.050 2.27 2.20 2.13 2.05 2.00 1.96 1.91 1.88 1.86 1.81 1.76
.025 2.67 2.57 2.47 2.36 2.29 2.24 2.18 2.14 2.11 2.04 1.98
.010 3.21 3.07 2.93 2.78 2.69 2.62 2.54 2.48 2.45 2.35 2.27
.001 4.73 4.48 4.23 3.96 3.79 3.68 3.53 3.44 3.38 3.22 3.08
Table A7 F critical values (continued)
Degrees of freedom in the numerator
Degrees of freedom
in the denominator		 p 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
24 .100 2.93 2.54 2.33 2.19 2.10 2.04 1.98 1.94 1.91
.050 4.26 3.40 3.01 2.78 2.62 2.51 2.42 2.36 2.30
.025 5.72 4.32 3.72 3.38 3.15 2.99 2.87 2.78 2.70
.010 7.82 5.61 4.72 4.22 3.90 3.67 3.50 3.36 3.26
.001 14.03 9.34 7.55 6.59 5.98 5.55 5.23 4.99 4.80
25 .100 2.92 2.53 2.32 2.18 2.09 2.02 1.97 1.93 1.89
.050 4.24 3.39 2.99 2.76 2.60 2.49 2.40 2.34 2.28
.025 5.69 4.29 3.69 3.35 3.13 2.97 2.85 2.75 2.68
.010 7.77 5.57 4.68 4.18 3.85 3.63 3.46 3.32 3.22
.001 13.88 9.22 7.45 6.49 5.89 5.46 5.15 4.91 4.71
26 .100 2.91 2.52 2.31 2.17 2.08 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.88
.050 4.23 3.37 2.98 2.74 2.59 2.47 2.39 2.32 2.27
.025 5.66 4.27 3.67 3.33 3.10 2.94 2.82 2.73 2.65
.010 7.72 5.53 4.64 4.14 3.82 3.59 3.42 3.29 3.18
.001 13.74 9.12 7.36 6.41 5.80 5.38 5.07 4.83 4.64
27 .100 2.90 2.51 2.30 2.17 2.07 2.00 1.95 1.91 1.87
.050 4.21 3.35 2.96 2.73 2.57 2.46 2.37 2.31 2.25
.025 5.63 4.24 3.65 3.31 3.08 2.92 2.80 2.71 2.63
.010 7.68 5.49 4.60 4.11 3.78 3.56 3.39 3.26 3.15
.001 13.61 9.02 7.27 6.33 5.73 5.31 5.00 4.76 4.57
28 .100 2.89 2.50 2.29 2.16 2.06 2.00 1.94 1.90 1.87
.050 4.20 3.34 2.95 2.71 2.56 2.45 2.36 2.29 2.24
.025 5.61 4.22 3.63 3.29 3.06 2.90 2.78 2.69 2.61
.010 7.64 5.45 4.57 4.07 3.75 3.53 3.36 3.23 3.12
.001 13.50 8.93 7.19 6.25 5.66 5.24 4.93 4.69 4.50
29 .100 2.89 2.50 2.28 2.15 2.06 1.99 1.93 1.89 1.86
.050 4.18 3.33 2.93 2.70 2.55 2.43 2.35 2.28 2.22
.025 5.59 4.20 3.61 3.27 3.04 2.88 2.76 2.67 2.59
.010 7.60 5.42 4.54 4.04 3.73 3.50 3.33 3.20 3.09
.001 13.39 8.85 7.12 6.19 5.59 5.18 4.87 4.64 4.45
30 .100 2.88 2.49 2.28 2.14 2.05 1.98 1.93 1.88 1.85
.050 4.17 3.32 2.92 2.69 2.53 2.42 2.33 2.27 2.21
.025 5.57 4.18 3.59 3.25 3.03 2.87 2.75 2.65 2.57
.010 7.56 5.39 4.51 4.02 3.70 3.47 3.30 3.17 3.07
.001 13.29 8.77 7.05 6.12 5.53 5.12 4.82 4.58 4.39
40 .100 2.84 2.44 2.23 2.09 2.00 1.93 1.87 1.83 1.79
.050 4.08 3.23 2.84 2.61 2.45 2.34 2.25 2.18 2.12
.025 5.42 4.05 3.46 3.13 2.90 2.74 2.62 2.53 2.45
.010 7.31 5.18 4.31 3.83 3.51 3.29 3.12 2.99 2.89
.001 12.61 8.25 6.59 5.70 5.13 4.73 4.44 4.21 4.02
Table A8 F critical values (continued)
Degrees of freedom in the numerator
Degrees of freedom
in the denominator		 p 10 12 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 120 1000
24 .100 1.88 1.83 1.78 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.62 1.61 1.57 1.54
.050 2.25 2.18 2.11 2.03 1.97 1.94 1.89 1.86 1.84 1.79 1.74
.025 2.64 2.54 2.44 2.33 2.26 2.21 2.15 2.11 2.08 2.01 1.94
.010 3.17 3.03 2.89 2.74 2.64 2.58 2.49 2.44 2.40 2.31 2.22
.001 4.64 4.39 4.14 3.87 3.71 3.59 3.45 3.36 3.29 3.14 2.99
25 .100 1.87 1.82 1.77 1.72 1.68 1.66 1.63 1.61 1.59 1.56 1.52
.050 2.24 2.16 2.09 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.87 1.84 1.82 1.77 1.72
.025 2.61 2.51 2.41 2.30 2.23 2.18 2.12 2.08 2.05 1.98 1.91
.010 3.13 2.99 2.85 2.70 2.60 2.54 2.45 2.40 2.36 2.27 2.18
.001 4.56 4.31 4.06 3.79 3.63 3.52 3.37 3.28 3.22 3.06 2.91
26 .100 1.86 1.81 1.76 1.71 1.67 1.65 1.61 1.59 1.58 1.54 1.51
.050 2.22 2.15 2.07 1.99 1.94 1.90 1.85 1.82 1.80 1.75 1.70
.025 2.59 2.49 2.39 2.28 2.21 2.16 2.09 2.05 2.03 1.95 1.89
.010 3.09 2.96 2.81 2.66 2.57 2.50 2.42 2.36 2.33 2.23 2.14
.001 4.48 4.24 3.99 3.72 3.56 3.44 3.30 3.21 3.15 2.99 2.84
27 .100 1.85 1.80 1.75 1.70 1.66 1.64 1.60 1.58 1.57 1.53 1.50
.050 2.20 2.13 2.06 1.97 1.92 1.88 1.84 1.81 1.79 1.73 1.68
.025 2.57 2.47 2.36 2.25 2.18 2.13 2.07 2.03 2.00 1.93 1.86
.010 3.06 2.93 2.78 2.63 2.54 2.47 2.38 2.33 2.29 2.20 2.11
.001 4.41 4.17 3.92 3.66 3.49 3.38 3.23 3.14 3.08 2.92 2.78
28 .100 1.84 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.65 1.63 1.59 1.57 1.56 1.52 1.48
.050 2.19 2.12 2.04 1.96 1.91 1.87 1.82 1.79 1.77 1.71 1.66
.025 2.55 2.45 2.34 2.23 2.16 2.11 2.05 2.01 1.98 1.91 1.84
.010 3.03 2.90 2.75 2.60 2.51 2.44 2.35 2.30 2.26 2.17 2.08
.001 4.35 4.11 3.86 3.60 3.43 3.32 3.18 3.09 3.02 2.86 2.72
29 .100 1.83 1.78 1.73 1.68 1.64 1.62 1.58 1.56 1.55 1.51 1.47
.050 2.18 2.10 2.03 1.94 1.89 1.85 1.81 1.77 1.75 1.70 1.65
.025 2.53 2.43 2.32 2.21 2.14 2.09 2.03 1.99 1.96 1.89 1.82
.010 3.00 2.87 2.73 2.57 2.48 2.41 2.33 2.27 2.23 2.14 2.05
.001 4.29 4.05 3.80 3.54 3.38 3.27 3.12 3.03 2.97 2.81 2.66
30 .100 1.82 1.77 1.72 1.67 1.63 1.61 1.57 1.55 1.54 1.50 1.46
.050 2.16 2.09 2.01 1.93 1.88 1.84 1.79 1.76 1.74 1.68 1.63
.025 2.51 2.41 2.31 2.20 2.12 2.07 2.01 1.97 1.94 1.87 1.80
.010 2.98 2.84 2.70 2.55 2.45 2.39 2.30 2.25 2.21 2.11 2.02
.001 4.24 4.00 3.75 3.49 3.33 3.22 3.07 2.98 2.92 2.76 2.61
40 .100 1.76 1.71 1.66 1.61 1.57 1.54 1.51 1.48 1.47 1.42 1.38
.050 2.08 2.00 1.92 1.84 1.78 1.74 1.69 1.66 1.64 1.58 1.52
.025 2.39 2.29 2.18 2.07 1.99 1.94 1.88 1.83 1.80 1.72 1.65
.010 2.80 2.66 2.52 2.37 2.27 2.20 2.11 2.06 2.02 1.92 1.82
.001 3.87 3.64 3.40 3.14 2.98 2.87 2.73 2.64 2.57 2.41 2.25
Table A9 F critical values (continued)
Degrees of freedom in the numerator
Degrees of freedom
in the denominator		 p 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
50 .100 2.81 2.41 2.20 2.06 1.97 1.90 1.84 1.80 1.76
.050 4.03 3.18 2.79 2.56 2.40 2.29 2.20 2.13 2.07
.025 5.34 3.97 3.39 3.05 2.83 2.67 2.55 2.46 2.38
.010 7.17 5.06 4.20 3.72 3.41 3.19 3.02 2.89 2.78
.001 12.22 7.96 6.34 5.46 4.90 4.51 4.22 4.00 3.82
60 .100 2.79 2.39 2.18 2.04 1.95 1.87 1.82 1.77 1.74
.050 4.00 3.15 2.76 2.53 2.37 2.25 2.17 2.10 2.04
.025 5.29 3.93 3.34 3.01 2.79 2.63 2.51 2.41 2.33
.010 7.08 4.98 4.13 3.65 3.34 3.12 2.95 2.82 2.72
.001 11.97 7.77 6.17 5.31 4.76 4.37 4.09 3.86 3.69
100 .100 2.76 2.36 2.14 2.00 1.91 1.83 1.78 1.73 1.69
.050 3.94 3.09 2.70 2.46 2.31 2.19 2.10 2.03 1.97
.025 5.18 3.83 3.25 2.92 2.70 2.54 2.42 2.32 2.24
.010 6.90 4.82 3.98 3.51 3.21 2.99 2.82 2.69 2.59
.001 11.50 7.41 5.86 5.02 4.48 4.11 3.83 3.61 3.44
200 .100 2.73 2.33 2.11 1.97 1.88 1.80 1.75 1.70 1.66
.050 3.89 3.04 2.65 2.42 2.26 2.14 2.06 1.98 1.93
.025 5.10 3.76 3.18 2.85 2.63 2.47 2.35 2.26 2.18
.010 6.76 4.71 3.88 3.41 3.11 2.89 2.73 2.60 2.50
.001 11.15 7.15 5.63 4.81 4.29 3.92 3.65 3.43 3.26
1000 .100 2.71 2.31 2.09 1.95 1.85 1.78 1.72 1.68 1.64
.050 3.85 3.00 2.61 2.38 2.22 2.11 2.02 1.95 1.89
.025 5.04 3.70 3.13 2.80 2.58 2.42 2.30 2.20 2.13
.010 6.66 4.63 3.80 3.34 3.04 2.82 2.66 2.53 2.43
.001 10.89 6.96 5.46 4.65 4.14 3.78 3.51 3.30 3.13
Table A10 F critical values (continued)
Degrees of freedom in the numerator
Degrees of freedom
in the denominator		 p 10 12 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 120 1000
50 .100 1.73 1.68 1.63 1.57 1.53 1.50 1.46 1.44 1.42 1.38 1.33
.050 2.03 1.95 1.87 1.78 1.73 1.69 1.63 1.60 1.58 1.51 1.45
.025 2.32 2.22 2.11 1.99 1.92 1.87 1.80 1.75 1.72 1.64 1.56
.010 2.70 2.56 2.42 2.27 2.17 2.10 2.01 1.95 1.91 1.80 1.70
.001 3.67 3.44 3.20 2.95 2.79 2.68 2.53 2.44 2.38 2.21 2.05
60 .100 1.71 1.66 1.60 1.54 1.50 1.48 1.44 1.41 1.40 1.35 1.30
.050 1.99 1.92 1.84 1.75 1.69 1.65 1.59 1.56 1.53 1.47 1.40
.025 2.27 2.17 2.06 1.94 1.87 1.82 1.74 1.70 1.67 1.58 1.49
.010 2.63 2.50 2.35 2.20 2.10 2.03 1.94 1.88 1.84 1.73 1.62
.001 3.54 3.32 3.08 2.83 2.67 2.55 2.41 2.32 2.25 2.08 1.92
100 .100 1.66 1.61 1.56 1.49 1.45 1.42 1.38 1.35 1.34 1.28 1.22
.050 1.93 1.85 1.77 1.68 1.62 1.57 1.52 1.48 1.45 1.38 1.30
.025 2.18 2.08 1.97 1.85 1.77 1.71 1.64 1.59 1.56 1.46 1.36
.010 2.50 2.37 2.22 2.07 1.97 1.89 1.80 1.74 1.69 1.57 1.45
.001 3.30 3.07 2.84 2.59 2.43 2.32 2.17 2.08 2.01 1.83 1.64
200 .100 1.63 1.58 1.52 1.46 1.41 1.38 1.34 1.31 1.29 1.23 1.16
.050 1.88 1.80 1.72 1.62 1.56 1.52 1.46 1.41 1.39 1.30 1.21
.025 2.11 2.01 1.90 1.78 1.70 1.64 1.56 1.51 1.47 1.37 1.25
.010 2.41 2.27 2.13 1.97 1.87 1.79 1.69 1.63 1.58 1.45 1.30
.001 3.12 2.90 2.67 2.42 2.26 2.15 2.00 1.90 1.83 1.64 1.43
1000 .100 1.61 1.55 1.49 1.43 1.38 1.35 1.30 1.27 1.25 1.18 1.08
.050 1.84 1.76 1.68 1.58 1.52 1.47 1.41 1.36 1.33 1.24 1.11
.025 2.06 1.96 1.85 1.72 1.64 1.58 1.50 1.45 1.41 1.29 1.13
.010 2.34 2.20 2.06 1.90 1.79 1.72 1.61 1.54 1.50 1.35 1.16
.001 2.99 2.77 2.54 2.30 2.14 2.02 1.87 1.77 1.69 1.49 1.22
Table A11 F critical values (continued)

Numerical entries represent the probability that a standard normal random variable is between 0 0 and z z where z = x − μ σ z= x − μ σ .

.
Figure A2

Standard Normal Probability Distribution: Z Table

z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.0000 0.0040 0.0080 0.0120 0.0160 0.0199 0.0239 0.0279 0.0319 0.0359
0.1 0.0398 0.0438 0.0478 0.0517 0.0557 0.0596 0.0636 0.0675 0.0714 0.0753
0.2 0.0793 0.0832 0.0871 0.0910 0.0948 0.0987 0.1026 0.1064 0.1103 0.1141
0.3 0.1179 0.1217 0.1255 0.1293 0.1331 0.1368 0.1406 0.1443 0.1480 0.1517
0.4 0.1554 0.1591 0.1628 0.1664 0.1700 0.1736 0.1772 0.1808 0.1844 0.1879
0.5 0.1915 0.1950 0.1985 0.2019 0.2054 0.2088 0.2123 0.2157 0.2190 0.2224
0.6 0.2257 0.2291 0.2324 0.2357 0.2389 0.2422 0.2454 0.2486 0.2517 0.2549
0.7 0.2580 0.2611 0.2642 0.2673 0.2704 0.2734 0.2764 0.2794 0.2823 0.2852
0.8 0.2881 0.2910 0.2939 0.2967 0.2995 0.3023 0.3051 0.3078 0.3106 0.3133
0.9 0.3159 0.3186 0.3212 0.3238 0.3264 0.3289 0.3315 0.3340 0.3365 0.3389
1.0 0.3413 0.3438 0.3461 0.3485 0.3508 0.3531 0.3554 0.3577 0.3599 0.3621
1.1 0.3643 0.3665 0.3686 0.3708 0.3729 0.3749 0.3770 0.3790 0.3810 0.3830
1.2 0.3849 0.3869 0.3888 0.3907 0.3925 0.3944 0.3962 0.3980 0.3997 0.4015
1.3 0.4032 0.4049 0.4066 0.4082 0.4099 0.4115 0.4131 0.4147 0.4162 0.4177
1.4 0.4192 0.4207 0.4222 0.4236 0.4251 0.4265 0.4279 0.4292 0.4306 0.4319
1.5 0.4332 0.4345 0.4357 0.4370 0.4382 0.4394 0.4406 0.4418 0.4429 0.4441
1.6 0.4452 0.4463 0.4474 0.4484 0.4495 0.4505 0.4515 0.4525 0.4535 0.4545
1.7 0.4554 0.4564 0.4573 0.4582 0.4591 0.4599 0.4608 0.4616 0.4625 0.4633
1.8 0.4641 0.4649 0.4656 0.4664 0.4671 0.4678 0.4686 0.4693 0.4699 0.4706
1.9 0.4713 0.4719 0.4726 0.4732 0.4738 0.4744 0.4750 0.4756 0.4761 0.4767
2.0 0.4772 0.4778 0.4783 0.4788 0.4793 0.4798 0.4803 0.4808 0.4812 0.4817
2.1 0.4821 0.4826 0.4830 0.4834 0.4838 0.4842 0.4846 0.4850 0.4854 0.4857
2.2 0.4861 0.4864 0.4868 0.4871 0.4875 0.4878 0.4881 0.4884 0.4887 0.4890
2.3 0.4893 0.4896 0.4898 0.4901 0.4904 0.4906 0.4909 0.4911 0.4913 0.4916
2.4 0.4918 0.4920 0.4922 0.4925 0.4927 0.4929 0.4931 0.4932 0.4934 0.4936
2.5 0.4938 0.4940 0.4941 0.4943 0.4945 0.4946 0.4948 0.4949 0.4951 0.4952
2.6 0.4953 0.4955 0.4956 0.4957 0.4959 0.4960 0.4961 0.4962 0.4963 0.4964
2.7 0.4965 0.4966 0.4967 0.4968 0.4969 0.4970 0.4971 0.4972 0.4973 0.4974
2.8 0.4974 0.4975 0.4976 0.4977 0.4977 0.4978 0.4979 0.4979 0.4980 0.4981
2.9 0.4981 0.4982 0.4982 0.4983 0.4984 0.4984 0.4985 0.4985 0.4986 0.4986
3.0 0.4987 0.4987 0.4987 0.4988 0.4988 0.4989 0.4989 0.4989 0.4990 0.4990
3.1 0.4990 0.4991 0.4991 0.4991 0.4992 0.4992 0.4992 0.4992 0.4993 0.4993
3.2 0.4993 0.4993 0.4994 0.4994 0.4994 0.4994 0.4994 0.4995 0.4995 0.4995
3.3 0.4995 0.4995 0.4995 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4997
3.4 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4998
Table A12 Standard Normal Distribution

Student's t Distribution

.
Figure A3 Upper critical values of Student's t Distribution with v Degrees of Freedom

For selected probabilities, a, the table shows the values t v,a such that P(tv > tv,a) = a, where tv is a Student’s t random variable with v degrees of freedom. For example, the probability is .10 that a Student’s t random variable with 10 degrees of freedom exceeds 1.372.

v 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.001
1 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657 318.313
2 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 22.327
3 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 10.215
4 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 7.173
5 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 5.893
6 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.208
7 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 4.782
8 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 4.499
9 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.296
10 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.143
11 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.024
12 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 3.929
13 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 3.852
14 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 3.787
15 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 3.733
16 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 3.686
17 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.646
18 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.610
19 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.579
20 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.552
21 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.527
22 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.505
23 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.485
24 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.467
25 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.450
26 1.315 1.706* 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.435
27 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.421
28 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.408
29 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.396
30 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.385
40 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.307
60 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3.232
100 1.290 1.660 1.984 2.364 2.626 3.174
∞ 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 3.090
Table A13 Probability of Exceeding the Critical Value NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods, http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/, September 2011.
.
Figure A4

χ2 Probability Distribution

df 0.995 0.990 0.975 0.950 0.900 0.100 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005
1 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.016 2.706 3.841 5.024 6.635 7.879
2 0.010 0.020 0.051 0.103 0.211 4.605 5.991 7.378 9.210 10.597
3 0.072 0.115 0.216 0.352 0.584 6.251 7.815 9.348 11.345 12.838
4 0.207 0.297 0.484 0.711 1.064 7.779 9.488 11.143 13.277 14.860
5 0.412 0.554 0.831 1.145 1.610 9.236 11.070 12.833 15.086 16.750
6 0.676 0.872 1.237 1.635 2.204 10.645 12.592 14.449 16.812 18.548
7 0.989 1.239 1.690 2.167 2.833 12.017 14.067 16.013 18.475 20.278
8 1.344 1.646 2.180 2.733 3.490 13.362 15.507 17.535 20.090 21.955
9 1.735 2.088 2.700 3.325 4.168 14.684 16.919 19.023 21.666 23.589
10 2.156 2.558 3.247 3.940 4.865 15.987 18.307 20.483 23.209 25.188
11 2.603 3.053 3.816 4.575 5.578 17.275 19.675 21.920 24.725 26.757
12 3.074 3.571 4.404 5.226 6.304 18.549 21.026 23.337 26.217 28.300
13 3.565 4.107 5.009 5.892 7.042 19.812 22.362 24.736 27.688 29.819
14 4.075 4.660 5.629 6.571 7.790 21.064 23.685 26.119 29.141 31.319
15 4.601 5.229 6.262 7.261 8.547 22.307 24.996 27.488 30.578 32.801
16 5.142 5.812 6.908 7.962 9.312 23.542 26.296 28.845 32.000 34.267
17 5.697 6.408 7.564 8.672 10.085 24.769 27.587 30.191 33.409 35.718
18 6.265 7.015 8.231 9.390 10.865 25.989 28.869 31.526 34.805 37.156
19 6.844 7.633 8.907 10.117 11.651 27.204 30.144 32.852 36.191 38.582
20 7.434 8.260 9.591 10.851 12.443 28.412 31.410 34.170 37.566 39.997
21 8.034 8.897 10.283 11.591 13.240 29.615 32.671 35.479 38.932 41.401
22 8.643 9.542 10.982 12.338 14.041 30.813 33.924 36.781 40.289 42.796
23 9.260 10.196 11.689 13.091 14.848 32.007 35.172 38.076 41.638 44.181
24 9.886 10.856 12.401 13.848 15.659 33.196 36.415 39.364 42.980 45.559
25 10.520 11.524 13.120 14.611 16.473 34.382 37.652 40.646 44.314 46.928
26 11.160 12.198 13.844 15.379 17.292 35.563 38.885 41.923 45.642 48.290
27 11.808 12.879 14.573 16.151 18.114 36.741 40.113 43.195 46.963 49.645
28 12.461 13.565 15.308 16.928 18.939 37.916 41.337 44.461 48.278 50.993
29 13.121 14.256 16.047 17.708 19.768 39.087 42.557 45.722 49.588 52.336
30 13.787 14.953 16.791 18.493 20.599 40.256 43.773 46.979 50.892 53.672
40 20.707 22.164 24.433 26.509 29.051 51.805 55.758 59.342 63.691 66.766
50 27.991 29.707 32.357 34.764 37.689 63.167 67.505 71.420 76.154 79.490
60 35.534 37.485 40.482 43.188 46.459 74.397 79.082 83.298 88.379 91.952
70 43.275 45.442 48.758 51.739 55.329 85.527 90.531 95.023 100.425 104.215
80 51.172 53.540 57.153 60.391 64.278 96.578 101.879 106.629 112.329 116.321
90 59.196 61.754 65.647 69.126 73.291 107.565 113.145 118.136 124.116 128.299
100 67.328 70.065 74.222 77.929 82.358 118.498 124.342 129.561 135.807 140.169
Table A14 Area to the Right of the Critical Value of χ2

Data Sets

Lap Times

The following tables provide lap times from Terri Vogel's log book. Times are recorded in seconds for 2.5-mile laps completed in a series of races and practice runs.

Lap 1 Lap 2 Lap 3 Lap 4 Lap 5 Lap 6 Lap 7
Race 1 135 130 131 132 130 131 133
Race 2 134 131 131 129 128 128 129
Race 3 129 128 127 127 130 127 129
Race 4 125 125 126 125 124 125 125
Race 5 133 132 132 132 131 130 132
Race 6 130 130 130 129 129 130 129
Race 7 132 131 133 131 134 134 131
Race 8 127 128 127 130 128 126 128
Race 9 132 130 127 128 126 127 124
Race 10 135 131 131 132 130 131 130
Race 11 132 131 132 131 130 129 129
Race 12 134 130 130 130 131 130 130
Race 13 128 127 128 128 128 129 128
Race 14 132 131 131 131 132 130 130
Race 15 136 129 129 129 129 129 129
Race 16 129 129 129 128 128 129 129
Race 17 134 131 132 131 132 132 132
Race 18 129 129 130 130 133 133 127
Race 19 130 129 129 129 129 129 128
Race 20 131 128 130 128 129 130 130
Table A15 Race Lap Times (in seconds)
Lap 1 Lap 2 Lap 3 Lap 4 Lap 5 Lap 6 Lap 7
Practice 1 142 143 180 137 134 134 172
Practice 2 140 135 134 133 128 128 131
Practice 3 130 133 130 128 135 133 133
Practice 4 141 136 137 136 136 136 145
Practice 5 140 138 136 137 135 134 134
Practice 6 142 142 139 138 129 129 127
Practice 7 139 137 135 135 137 134 135
Practice 8 143 136 134 133 134 133 132
Practice 9 135 134 133 133 132 132 133
Practice 10 131 130 128 129 127 128 127
Practice 11 143 139 139 138 138 137 138
Practice 12 132 133 131 129 128 127 126
Practice 13 149 144 144 139 138 138 137
Practice 14 133 132 137 133 134 130 131
Practice 15 138 136 133 133 132 131 131
Table A16 Practice Lap Times (in seconds)

Stock Prices

The following table lists initial public offering (IPO) stock prices for all 1999 stocks that at least doubled in value during the first day of trading.

$17.00 $23.00 $14.00 $16.00 $12.00 $26.00
$20.00 $22.00 $14.00 $15.00 $22.00 $18.00
$18.00 $21.00 $21.00 $19.00 $15.00 $21.00
$18.00 $17.00 $15.00 $25.00 $14.00 $30.00
$16.00 $10.00 $20.00 $12.00 $16.00 $17.44
$16.00 $14.00 $15.00 $20.00 $20.00 $16.00
$17.00 $16.00 $15.00 $15.00 $19.00 $48.00
$16.00 $18.00 $9.00 $18.00 $18.00 $20.00
$8.00 $20.00 $17.00 $14.00 $11.00 $16.00
$19.00 $15.00 $21.00 $12.00 $8.00 $16.00
$13.00 $14.00 $15.00 $14.00 $13.41 $28.00
$21.00 $17.00 $28.00 $17.00 $19.00 $16.00
$17.00 $19.00 $18.00 $17.00 $15.00
$14.00 $21.00 $12.00 $18.00 $24.00
$15.00 $23.00 $14.00 $16.00 $12.00
$24.00 $20.00 $14.00 $14.00 $15.00
$14.00 $19.00 $16.00 $38.00 $20.00
$24.00 $16.00 $8.00 $18.00 $17.00
$16.00 $15.00 $7.00 $19.00 $12.00
$8.00 $23.00 $12.00 $18.00 $20.00
$21.00 $34.00 $16.00 $26.00 $14.00
Table A17 IPO Offer Prices

References

Data compiled by Jay R. Ritter of University of Florida using data from Securities Data Co. and Bloomberg.

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