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Introduction to Political Science

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Introduction to Political ScienceReview Questions
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Table of contents
  1. Preface
  2. Introduction to Political Science
    1. 1 What Is Politics and What Is Political Science?
      1. Introduction
      2. 1.1 Defining Politics: Who Gets What, When, Where, How, and Why?
      3. 1.2 Public Policy, Public Interest, and Power
      4. 1.3 Political Science: The Systematic Study of Politics
      5. 1.4 Normative Political Science
      6. 1.5 Empirical Political Science
      7. 1.6 Individuals, Groups, Institutions, and International Relations
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  3. Individuals
    1. 2 Political Behavior Is Human Behavior
      1. Introduction
      2. 2.1 What Goals Should We Seek in Politics?
      3. 2.2 Why Do Humans Make the Political Choices That They Do?
      4. 2.3 Human Behavior Is Partially Predictable
      5. 2.4 The Importance of Context for Political Decisions
      6. Summary
      7. Key Terms
      8. Review Questions
      9. Suggested Readings
    2. 3 Political Ideology
      1. Introduction
      2. 3.1 The Classical Origins of Western Political Ideologies
      3. 3.2 The Laws of Nature and the Social Contract
      4. 3.3 The Development of Varieties of Liberalism
      5. 3.4 Nationalism, Communism, Fascism, and Authoritarianism
      6. 3.5 Contemporary Democratic Liberalism
      7. 3.6 Contemporary Ideologies Further to the Political Left
      8. 3.7 Contemporary Ideologies Further to the Political Right
      9. 3.8 Political Ideologies That Reject Political Ideology: Scientific Socialism, Burkeanism, and Religious Extremism
      10. Summary
      11. Key Terms
      12. Review Questions
      13. Suggested Readings
    3. 4 Civil Liberties
      1. Introduction
      2. 4.1 The Freedom of the Individual
      3. 4.2 Constitutions and Individual Liberties
      4. 4.3 The Right to Privacy, Self-Determination, and the Freedom of Ideas
      5. 4.4 Freedom of Movement
      6. 4.5 The Rights of the Accused
      7. 4.6 The Right to a Healthy Environment
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 5 Political Participation and Public Opinion
      1. Introduction
      2. 5.1 What Is Political Participation?
      3. 5.2 What Limits Voter Participation in the United States?
      4. 5.3 How Do Individuals Participate Other Than Voting?
      5. 5.4 What Is Public Opinion and Where Does It Come From?
      6. 5.5 How Do We Measure Public Opinion?
      7. 5.6 Why Is Public Opinion Important?
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  4. Groups
    1. 6 The Fundamentals of Group Political Activity
      1. Introduction
      2. 6.1 Political Socialization: The Ways People Become Political
      3. 6.2 Political Culture: How People Express Their Political Identity
      4. 6.3 Collective Dilemmas: Making Group Decisions
      5. 6.4 Collective Action Problems: The Problem of Incentives
      6. 6.5 Resolving Collective Action Problems
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
    2. 7 Civil Rights
      1. Introduction
      2. 7.1 Civil Rights and Constitutionalism
      3. 7.2 Political Culture and Majority-Minority Relations
      4. 7.3 Civil Rights Abuses
      5. 7.4 Civil Rights Movements
      6. 7.5 How Do Governments Bring About Civil Rights Change?
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
    3. 8 Interest Groups, Political Parties, and Elections
      1. Introduction
      2. 8.1 What Is an Interest Group?
      3. 8.2 What Are the Pros and Cons of Interest Groups?
      4. 8.3 Political Parties
      5. 8.4 What Are the Limits of Parties?
      6. 8.5 What Are Elections and Who Participates?
      7. 8.6 How Do People Participate in Elections?
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  5. Institutions
    1. 9 Legislatures
      1. Introduction
      2. 9.1 What Do Legislatures Do?
      3. 9.2 What Is the Difference between Parliamentary and Presidential Systems?
      4. 9.3 What Is the Difference between Unicameral and Bicameral Systems?
      5. 9.4 The Decline of Legislative Influence
      6. Summary
      7. Key Terms
      8. Review Questions
      9. Suggested Readings
    2. 10 Executives, Cabinets, and Bureaucracies
      1. Introduction
      2. 10.1 Democracies: Parliamentary, Presidential, and Semi-Presidential Regimes
      3. 10.2 The Executive in Presidential Regimes
      4. 10.3 The Executive in Parliamentary Regimes
      5. 10.4 Advantages, Disadvantages, and Challenges of Presidential and Parliamentary Regimes
      6. 10.5 Semi-Presidential Regimes
      7. 10.6 How Do Cabinets Function in Presidential and Parliamentary Regimes?
      8. 10.7 What Are the Purpose and Function of Bureaucracies?
      9. Summary
      10. Key Terms
      11. Review Questions
      12. Suggested Readings
    3. 11 Courts and Law
      1. Introduction
      2. 11.1 What Is the Judiciary?
      3. 11.2 How Does the Judiciary Take Action?
      4. 11.3 Types of Legal Systems around the World
      5. 11.4 Criminal versus Civil Laws
      6. 11.5 Due Process and Judicial Fairness
      7. 11.6 Judicial Review versus Executive Sovereignty
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 12 The Media
      1. Introduction
      2. 12.1 The Media as a Political Institution: Why Does It Matter?
      3. 12.2 Types of Media and the Changing Media Landscape
      4. 12.3 How Do Media and Elections Interact?
      5. 12.4 The Internet and Social Media
      6. 12.5 Declining Global Trust in the Media
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
  6. States and International Relations
    1. 13 Governing Regimes
      1. Introduction
      2. 13.1 Contemporary Government Regimes: Power, Legitimacy, and Authority
      3. 13.2 Categorizing Contemporary Regimes
      4. 13.3 Recent Trends: Illiberal Representative Regimes
      5. Summary
      6. Key Terms
      7. Review Questions
      8. Suggested Readings
    2. 14 International Relations
      1. Introduction
      2. 14.1 What Is Power, and How Do We Measure It?
      3. 14.2 Understanding the Different Types of Actors in the International System
      4. 14.3 Sovereignty and Anarchy
      5. 14.4 Using Levels of Analysis to Understand Conflict
      6. 14.5 The Realist Worldview
      7. 14.6 The Liberal and Social Worldview
      8. 14.7 Critical Worldviews
      9. Summary
      10. Key Terms
      11. Review Questions
      12. Suggested Readings
    3. 15 International Law and International Organizations
      1. Introduction
      2. 15.1 The Problem of Global Governance
      3. 15.2 International Law
      4. 15.3 The United Nations and Global Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
      5. 15.4 How Do Regional IGOs Contribute to Global Governance?
      6. 15.5 Non-state Actors: Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
      7. 15.6 Non-state Actors beyond NGOs
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 16 International Political Economy
      1. Introduction
      2. 16.1 The Origins of International Political Economy
      3. 16.2 The Advent of the Liberal Economy
      4. 16.3 The Bretton Woods Institutions
      5. 16.4 The Post–Cold War Period and Modernization Theory
      6. 16.5 From the 1990s to the 2020s: Current Issues in IPE
      7. 16.6 Considering Poverty, Inequality, and the Environmental Crisis
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  7. References
  8. Index
1 .
International political economy ________.
  1. investigates political processes and their domestic and international economic consequences
  2. examines various tactics political actors use in their attempts to decrease the scope of global governance
  3. is another name for the World Bank
  4. refers to the web of multinational corporations that exert varying degrees of control over individual world governments and international organizations
2 .
In a mercantilist economic system, ________.
  1. wealth is evenly distributed among producers and consumers
  2. wealth can be created
  3. wealth is finite
  4. wealth is shared within trade alliances
3 .
Mercantilism ________.
  1. is based on degrowth
  2. considers that wealth is composed of precious metals and paper currencies such as the dollar, euro, and peso
  3. seeks a surplus in the balance of payments
  4. favors trade liberalization policies
4 .
Adam Smith rejected mercantilism and proposed ________.
  1. that trade barriers promote the economy
  2. modernization theory
  3. that trade liberalization benefits individuals and countries
  4. that a country should invest in economic activities regardless of its comparative advantages
5 .
True or false? Enlightenment thinkers rejected the mercantilist idea that wealth is finite, proposing that wealth could in fact be created.
  1. True
  2. False
6 .
The three levels of analysis in IPE are ________.
  1. local, domestic, and foreign
  2. individual, state, and system
  3. liberal, conservative, and authoritarian
  4. economic, environmental, and social
7 .
The Bretton Woods Institutions include ________.
  1. the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations (UN)
  2. the League of Nations and NATO
  3. the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Trade Organization (WTO)
  4. the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank
8 .
The Bretton Woods Institutions were initially created to ________.
  1. maintain peace and economic prosperity in the world
  2. encourage globalization
  3. restrain trade liberalization
  4. promote protectionist policies
9 .
Which institution was proposed but not created in the Bretton Woods Conference?
  1. International Monetary Fund (IMF)
  2. World Trade Organization (WTO)
  3. International Trade Organization (ITO)
  4. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
10 .
The end of the Cold War resulted in ________.
  1. increased focus on economic policies in authoritarian regimes
  2. support for protectionist policies
  3. majoritarian emphasis on trade relations among developed countries
  4. furthering of economic growth and democratic institutions
11 .
The key tenet of modernization theory is that ________.
  1. economic growth promotes the development of the upper classes in society
  2. social capital hampers political representation
  3. increased political representation promotes the establishment of democratic institutions
  4. trade liberalization stunts economic growth
12 .
True or false? Modernization theory has clearly established a causal link between economic growth and democratic institutions.
  1. True
  2. False
13 .
An exchange rate regime in which governments allow their currencies to fluctuate within margins is referred to as a ________.
  1. fixed (pegged) exchange rate
  2. floating (flexible) exchange rate
  3. multilateral exchange rate
  4. variable exchange rate
14 .
________ determine(s) the price of currency in a floating (flexible) exchange rate regime.
  1. The supply and demand of a currency
  2. Domestic interest rates
  3. The stock market
  4. The gold standard
15 .
At the beginning of the 19th century, some political philosophers proposed responses to the problem of widespread policy and inequality. Although each of their proposals had singular characteristics, what did they have in common?
  1. dictatorship of the proletariat
  2. social ownership of the means of production by the people
  3. laissez-faire economy, a free market with minimal government intervention
  4. social security benefits
16 .
Literature on the possible ways to deal with the environmental crisis is divided into two currents of thought. These currents are ________.
  1. socialism and communism
  2. laissez-faire and free market economy
  3. degrowth and sustainable development
  4. degrowth and globalization
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