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Introduction to Political Science

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Introduction to Political ScienceReview Questions
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Table of contents
  1. Preface
  2. Introduction to Political Science
    1. 1 What Is Politics and What Is Political Science?
      1. Introduction
      2. 1.1 Defining Politics: Who Gets What, When, Where, How, and Why?
      3. 1.2 Public Policy, Public Interest, and Power
      4. 1.3 Political Science: The Systematic Study of Politics
      5. 1.4 Normative Political Science
      6. 1.5 Empirical Political Science
      7. 1.6 Individuals, Groups, Institutions, and International Relations
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  3. Individuals
    1. 2 Political Behavior Is Human Behavior
      1. Introduction
      2. 2.1 What Goals Should We Seek in Politics?
      3. 2.2 Why Do Humans Make the Political Choices That They Do?
      4. 2.3 Human Behavior Is Partially Predictable
      5. 2.4 The Importance of Context for Political Decisions
      6. Summary
      7. Key Terms
      8. Review Questions
      9. Suggested Readings
    2. 3 Political Ideology
      1. Introduction
      2. 3.1 The Classical Origins of Western Political Ideologies
      3. 3.2 The Laws of Nature and the Social Contract
      4. 3.3 The Development of Varieties of Liberalism
      5. 3.4 Nationalism, Communism, Fascism, and Authoritarianism
      6. 3.5 Contemporary Democratic Liberalism
      7. 3.6 Contemporary Ideologies Further to the Political Left
      8. 3.7 Contemporary Ideologies Further to the Political Right
      9. 3.8 Political Ideologies That Reject Political Ideology: Scientific Socialism, Burkeanism, and Religious Extremism
      10. Summary
      11. Key Terms
      12. Review Questions
      13. Suggested Readings
    3. 4 Civil Liberties
      1. Introduction
      2. 4.1 The Freedom of the Individual
      3. 4.2 Constitutions and Individual Liberties
      4. 4.3 The Right to Privacy, Self-Determination, and the Freedom of Ideas
      5. 4.4 Freedom of Movement
      6. 4.5 The Rights of the Accused
      7. 4.6 The Right to a Healthy Environment
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 5 Political Participation and Public Opinion
      1. Introduction
      2. 5.1 What Is Political Participation?
      3. 5.2 What Limits Voter Participation in the United States?
      4. 5.3 How Do Individuals Participate Other Than Voting?
      5. 5.4 What Is Public Opinion and Where Does It Come From?
      6. 5.5 How Do We Measure Public Opinion?
      7. 5.6 Why Is Public Opinion Important?
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  4. Groups
    1. 6 The Fundamentals of Group Political Activity
      1. Introduction
      2. 6.1 Political Socialization: The Ways People Become Political
      3. 6.2 Political Culture: How People Express Their Political Identity
      4. 6.3 Collective Dilemmas: Making Group Decisions
      5. 6.4 Collective Action Problems: The Problem of Incentives
      6. 6.5 Resolving Collective Action Problems
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
    2. 7 Civil Rights
      1. Introduction
      2. 7.1 Civil Rights and Constitutionalism
      3. 7.2 Political Culture and Majority-Minority Relations
      4. 7.3 Civil Rights Abuses
      5. 7.4 Civil Rights Movements
      6. 7.5 How Do Governments Bring About Civil Rights Change?
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
    3. 8 Interest Groups, Political Parties, and Elections
      1. Introduction
      2. 8.1 What Is an Interest Group?
      3. 8.2 What Are the Pros and Cons of Interest Groups?
      4. 8.3 Political Parties
      5. 8.4 What Are the Limits of Parties?
      6. 8.5 What Are Elections and Who Participates?
      7. 8.6 How Do People Participate in Elections?
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  5. Institutions
    1. 9 Legislatures
      1. Introduction
      2. 9.1 What Do Legislatures Do?
      3. 9.2 What Is the Difference between Parliamentary and Presidential Systems?
      4. 9.3 What Is the Difference between Unicameral and Bicameral Systems?
      5. 9.4 The Decline of Legislative Influence
      6. Summary
      7. Key Terms
      8. Review Questions
      9. Suggested Readings
    2. 10 Executives, Cabinets, and Bureaucracies
      1. Introduction
      2. 10.1 Democracies: Parliamentary, Presidential, and Semi-Presidential Regimes
      3. 10.2 The Executive in Presidential Regimes
      4. 10.3 The Executive in Parliamentary Regimes
      5. 10.4 Advantages, Disadvantages, and Challenges of Presidential and Parliamentary Regimes
      6. 10.5 Semi-Presidential Regimes
      7. 10.6 How Do Cabinets Function in Presidential and Parliamentary Regimes?
      8. 10.7 What Are the Purpose and Function of Bureaucracies?
      9. Summary
      10. Key Terms
      11. Review Questions
      12. Suggested Readings
    3. 11 Courts and Law
      1. Introduction
      2. 11.1 What Is the Judiciary?
      3. 11.2 How Does the Judiciary Take Action?
      4. 11.3 Types of Legal Systems around the World
      5. 11.4 Criminal versus Civil Laws
      6. 11.5 Due Process and Judicial Fairness
      7. 11.6 Judicial Review versus Executive Sovereignty
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 12 The Media
      1. Introduction
      2. 12.1 The Media as a Political Institution: Why Does It Matter?
      3. 12.2 Types of Media and the Changing Media Landscape
      4. 12.3 How Do Media and Elections Interact?
      5. 12.4 The Internet and Social Media
      6. 12.5 Declining Global Trust in the Media
      7. Summary
      8. Key Terms
      9. Review Questions
      10. Suggested Readings
  6. States and International Relations
    1. 13 Governing Regimes
      1. Introduction
      2. 13.1 Contemporary Government Regimes: Power, Legitimacy, and Authority
      3. 13.2 Categorizing Contemporary Regimes
      4. 13.3 Recent Trends: Illiberal Representative Regimes
      5. Summary
      6. Key Terms
      7. Review Questions
      8. Suggested Readings
    2. 14 International Relations
      1. Introduction
      2. 14.1 What Is Power, and How Do We Measure It?
      3. 14.2 Understanding the Different Types of Actors in the International System
      4. 14.3 Sovereignty and Anarchy
      5. 14.4 Using Levels of Analysis to Understand Conflict
      6. 14.5 The Realist Worldview
      7. 14.6 The Liberal and Social Worldview
      8. 14.7 Critical Worldviews
      9. Summary
      10. Key Terms
      11. Review Questions
      12. Suggested Readings
    3. 15 International Law and International Organizations
      1. Introduction
      2. 15.1 The Problem of Global Governance
      3. 15.2 International Law
      4. 15.3 The United Nations and Global Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
      5. 15.4 How Do Regional IGOs Contribute to Global Governance?
      6. 15.5 Non-state Actors: Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
      7. 15.6 Non-state Actors beyond NGOs
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
    4. 16 International Political Economy
      1. Introduction
      2. 16.1 The Origins of International Political Economy
      3. 16.2 The Advent of the Liberal Economy
      4. 16.3 The Bretton Woods Institutions
      5. 16.4 The Post–Cold War Period and Modernization Theory
      6. 16.5 From the 1990s to the 2020s: Current Issues in IPE
      7. 16.6 Considering Poverty, Inequality, and the Environmental Crisis
      8. Summary
      9. Key Terms
      10. Review Questions
      11. Suggested Readings
  7. References
  8. Index
1 .
The judicial system or judicial branch is __________.
  1. the court system that interprets, defends, and applies the law in the government’s name
  2. a mechanism for peacefully resolving disputes between individuals
  3. how the legislature enacts new laws
  4. Both A and B
  5. Both B and C
2 .
The difference between rule of law and rule by law is that __________.
  1. rule of law means that no one is above the law, while rule by law means that those in power manipulate the system to increase their power
  2. in rule of law, unlike in rule by law, the laws are clear, publicized, stable, and applied evenly, and they protect fundamental rights such as the security of persons and property and certain core human rights
  3. rule-of-law countries punish citizens for crimes, while rule-by-law countries do not
  4. Both A and B
3 .
__________ is the authority vested in a court to hear a case.
  1. Judicialism
  2. Jurisdiction
  3. Judiciary
  4. Judication
4 .
How are judicial decisions implemented?
  1. Courts rely on the other branches of government to implement their decisions.
  2. The people accept the court’s decisions and comply.
  3. Private lawyers interpret the court’s decisions and write new laws.
  4. The military and police ensure adherence to judicial decisions.
5 .
Standing in a court case is __________.
  1. rising as a show of respect when the judge enters the courtroom
  2. when a person has a direct injury from the effect of a law, so they can complain about in court
  3. the right of anyone who does not like a law to complain about it in court on principle
  4. complaining about a law to the legislature
6 .
Nullification is __________.
  1. when people or other branches of government disregard a court decision or statute because they disagree with it
  2. a protected right of the people
  3. a protected right of the executive and legislative branches
  4. when an authoritarian government takes control of the judiciary
7 .
What is a common law legal system?
  1. A system that relies on precedent
  2. A system in which the judicial process is adversarial
  3. A system instituted by one ruling person or political party
  4. Both A and B
  5. None of the above
8 .
A customary legal system __________.
  1. is based on statutes enacted by an elected legislature
  2. is based on long-standing traditions in a particular community
  3. is based on rules enacted by a monarch
  4. is mainly investigatory
9 .
The major types of legal systems are __________.
  1. common law, civil law, religious law, customary law, and hybrid
  2. authoritarian law, religious law, customary law, common law, and civil law
  3. common law, traditional law, civil law, British law, and municipal law
  4. case law, civil law, international law, and hybrid law
10 .
A religious legal system is a legal system that bases its laws on __________.
  1. sacred texts or beliefs
  2. traditional customs of a region
  3. principles of the Enlightenment era
  4. populist sentiment
11 .
How do civil laws differ from criminal laws?
  1. Criminal laws apply to disputes between individuals or groups, while civil laws apply to offenses against the state.
  2. Criminal laws are intended to protect society, while civil laws are intended to settle disputes and reimburse individuals for damages.
  3. Criminal laws are enforced by the executive, while civil laws are enforced by the courts.
  4. Criminal laws are not subject to appeal, while civil laws may be.
12 .
What is the purpose of criminal punishment?
  1. To remove the offending individual from society
  2. To satisfy the public’s desire for revenge
  3. To deter others from committing crimes
  4. All of the above
13 .
A court order to a jailer to either tell a person why they are being held or release them is called a __________.
  1. bail bond
  2. writ of explanation
  3. writ of habeas corpus
  4. judicial review
14 .
Due process means that __________.
  1. a court has the authority to hear a case
  2. the government must respect the rights of the accused
  3. procedural processes must be fair
  4. Both B and C
  5. All of the above
15 .
Trial courts typically have __________.
  1. original jurisdiction
  2. appellate jurisdiction
  3. plaintive jurisdiction
  4. selective jurisdiction
16 .
An appeal is __________.
  1. a higher court’s review of a lower court’s decision
  2. a review in which a higher court checks to see if an error by a lower court caused the trial to render an improper verdict
  3. a defendant’s attempt to persuade the jury throughout the duration of a trial, irrespective of the evidence
  4. Both A and B
  5. None of the above
17 .
Judicial review is __________.
  1. a means by which the judicial branch can evaluate whether the executive and legislative branches are following the constitution and its principles
  2. a means by which the legislative branch can evaluate whether the executive branch is following the constitution and its principles
  3. a means by which the executive branch can evaluate whether the legislative branch is following the constitution and its principles
  4. a means by which the people can evaluate whether the judicial branch is following the constitution and its principles
18 .
In an executive sovereignty system, __________.
  1. the courts cannot review the actions of the legislature or the executive for their constitutionality
  2. the executive branch can disregard all court decisions at will
  3. the legislative branch can disregard all court decisions at will
  4. the executive serves on the judiciary
19 .
Executive sovereignty systems are also known as __________.
  1. legislative sovereignty systems
  2. parliamentary sovereignty systems
  3. independent systems
  4. Both A and B
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