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Introduction to Political Science

Review Questions

Introduction to Political ScienceReview Questions
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1 .
The judicial system or judicial branch is __________.
  1. the court system that interprets, defends, and applies the law in the government’s name
  2. a mechanism for peacefully resolving disputes between individuals
  3. how the legislature enacts new laws
  4. Both A and B
  5. Both B and C
2 .
The difference between rule of law and rule by law is that __________.
  1. rule of law means that no one is above the law, while rule by law means that those in power manipulate the system to increase their power
  2. in rule of law, unlike in rule by law, the laws are clear, publicized, stable, and applied evenly, and they protect fundamental rights such as the security of persons and property and certain core human rights
  3. rule-of-law countries punish citizens for crimes, while rule-by-law countries do not
  4. Both A and B
3 .
__________ is the authority vested in a court to hear a case.
  1. Judicialism
  2. Jurisdiction
  3. Judiciary
  4. Judication
4 .
How are judicial decisions implemented?
  1. Courts rely on the other branches of government to implement their decisions.
  2. The people accept the court’s decisions and comply.
  3. Private lawyers interpret the court’s decisions and write new laws.
  4. The military and police ensure adherence to judicial decisions.
5 .
Standing in a court case is __________.
  1. rising as a show of respect when the judge enters the courtroom
  2. when a person has a direct injury from the effect of a law, so they can complain about in court
  3. the right of anyone who does not like a law to complain about it in court on principle
  4. complaining about a law to the legislature
6 .
Nullification is __________.
  1. when people or other branches of government disregard a court decision or statute because they disagree with it
  2. a protected right of the people
  3. a protected right of the executive and legislative branches
  4. when an authoritarian government takes control of the judiciary
7 .
What is a common law legal system?
  1. A system that relies on precedent
  2. A system in which the judicial process is adversarial
  3. A system instituted by one ruling person or political party
  4. Both A and B
  5. None of the above
8 .
A customary legal system __________.
  1. is based on statutes enacted by an elected legislature
  2. is based on long-standing traditions in a particular community
  3. is based on rules enacted by a monarch
  4. is mainly investigatory
9 .
The major types of legal systems are __________.
  1. common law, civil law, religious law, customary law, and hybrid
  2. authoritarian law, religious law, customary law, common law, and civil law
  3. common law, traditional law, civil law, British law, and municipal law
  4. case law, civil law, international law, and hybrid law
10 .
A religious legal system is a legal system that bases its laws on __________.
  1. sacred texts or beliefs
  2. traditional customs of a region
  3. principles of the Enlightenment era
  4. populist sentiment
11 .
How do civil laws differ from criminal laws?
  1. Criminal laws apply to disputes between individuals or groups, while civil laws apply to offenses against the state.
  2. Criminal laws are intended to protect society, while civil laws are intended to settle disputes and reimburse individuals for damages.
  3. Criminal laws are enforced by the executive, while civil laws are enforced by the courts.
  4. Criminal laws are not subject to appeal, while civil laws may be.
12 .
What is the purpose of criminal punishment?
  1. To remove the offending individual from society
  2. To satisfy the public’s desire for revenge
  3. To deter others from committing crimes
  4. All of the above
13 .
A court order to a jailer to either tell a person why they are being held or release them is called a __________.
  1. bail bond
  2. writ of explanation
  3. writ of habeas corpus
  4. judicial review
14 .
Due process means that __________.
  1. a court has the authority to hear a case
  2. the government must respect the rights of the accused
  3. procedural processes must be fair
  4. Both B and C
  5. All of the above
15 .
Trial courts typically have __________.
  1. original jurisdiction
  2. appellate jurisdiction
  3. plaintive jurisdiction
  4. selective jurisdiction
16 .
An appeal is __________.
  1. a higher court’s review of a lower court’s decision
  2. a review in which a higher court checks to see if an error by a lower court caused the trial to render an improper verdict
  3. a defendant’s attempt to persuade the jury throughout the duration of a trial, irrespective of the evidence
  4. Both A and B
  5. None of the above
17 .
Judicial review is __________.
  1. a means by which the judicial branch can evaluate whether the executive and legislative branches are following the constitution and its principles
  2. a means by which the legislative branch can evaluate whether the executive branch is following the constitution and its principles
  3. a means by which the executive branch can evaluate whether the legislative branch is following the constitution and its principles
  4. a means by which the people can evaluate whether the judicial branch is following the constitution and its principles
18 .
In an executive sovereignty system, __________.
  1. the courts cannot review the actions of the legislature or the executive for their constitutionality
  2. the executive branch can disregard all court decisions at will
  3. the legislative branch can disregard all court decisions at will
  4. the executive serves on the judiciary
19 .
Executive sovereignty systems are also known as __________.
  1. legislative sovereignty systems
  2. parliamentary sovereignty systems
  3. independent systems
  4. Both A and B
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