Key Terms

Key Terms

Advanced Package Tool (apt)

used to install new packages and update existing packages

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)

cloud based, on-demand, compute platform that can be auto-scaled to meet demand

Amazon Web Service (AWS)

Amazon cloud computing platform that offers a wide range of services that allow customers to build, deploy, and manage applications and services in the cloud

API gateway

used to route traffic between client apps and microservices

AWS CLI

command-line interface used to manage Amazon cloud services

AWS Portal

web-based console that allows customers to manage their cloud services and subscriptions

Azure

cloud computing platform that offers a wide range of services that allow customers to build, deploy, and manage applications and services in the cloud

Azure Function App

event-driven serverless compute platform without provision or managing infrastructure

Azure Portal

web-based console that allows customers to manage their cloud services and subscriptions

Backend as a Service (BaaS)

third-party service that can be integrated with an application where the BaaS code does not need to be managed, and there are no servers

bare metal server

high-performance cloud server that is composed of a single-tenant, nonvirtualized physical server

cloud computing

delivery of computing services, such as databases, software, analytics, and storage over the Internet

cloud mashup

combines multiple cloud applications or services with shared datasets and integrated functionalities

cloud-native application

uses microservices architecture that takes full advantage of the benefits of the cloud, such as scalability and on-demand services

community cloud

cloud deployment model where resources are only accessible by a selected group of organizations

Container as a Service (CaaS)

type of IaaS specifically geared toward efficiently deploying, running, scaling, and managing a single application using a container-based virtualization

container image

binary state that is built by “layering” an application and its dependencies on top of the required “layer” of binaries and libraries of the OS where there is a parent-child relationship between image layers

containerization

packaging of a standardized unit of software that isolates an application enabling it to run independently of physical resources

continuous delivery

automates the deployment stage

continuous integration

automates the application compile, build, package, and testing process, enabling it to run independent of physical resources, which allows for a more consistent integration process

continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD)

set of DevOps operating principles that enable development teams to focus on rapid and frequent integrations of new code into the application in development as well as fast and frequent delivery or deployment of new iterations of the application

DevOps

methodology that combines Agile software development and IT operations to deliver software faster and of higher quality

disaster recovery

ability of the application to recover from rare but major incidents: nontransient, wide-scale failures, such as service disruption that affects an entire region

Django

open-source web application framework

Docker

open-source platform that creates, deploys, and manages containers using a common operating system; it isolates resources allowing multiple containers to use the same OS without contention

Docker Compose

tool used for defining, via descriptor files, and managing applications that consist of multiple Docker containers

Docker Engine

open-source containerization platform used to build Docker images and manage Docker containers

enterprise service bus (ESB)

implements a bus-like communication system between interacting service providers and service consumers

event-driven architecture

architecture where functions are invoked by an event

Express.js

back-end Node web application framework used to implement RESTFul APIs

Function as a Service (FaaS)

compute platform for serverless where developers can run functions that are single units of deployment of the code, which is run by events

GitHub

cloud-based developer platform used for software development, collaboration, and security

GitLab

cloud-based DevOps platform used to monitor, test, and deploy application code

high availability

ability for an application to continue running in a healthy state without significant downtime

high-performance computing (HPC)

when a workload is compute- and memory-intensive

Homebrew

open-source package management system used to install and manage packages on MacOS and Linux operating systems

hybrid cloud

combines private and public clouds, and bare metal or virtual environments

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

on-demand access to a cloud-hosted computing infrastructure that includes servers, storage, and network resources

integrated development environment (IDE)

software application that provides developers access to resources (e.g., source code editor, build automation tools, debuggers) to design, develop, debug, and test programs

Kuard (Kubernetes Up and Running Demo)

basic dashboard highlighting exposed application metrics

Kubectl

Kubernetes command-line tool that is used to manage Kubernetes clusters

kubelet

responsible for scheduling and making sure applications deployed within the worker nodes are running properly

Kubernetes

open-source orchestration platform used for automating deployment, scaling, and management of container-based workloads

monolith

application that conforms to a monolithic architecture

monolithic architecture

not designed to leverage an orchestration platform and requires the use of load balancers

Next.js

open-source React framework used to create full-stack web applications

object-relational mapping (ORM)

technique to convert a data object in the Express.js code to a table in the PostgreSQL relational database

Octant

open-source web interface for Kubernetes that is used to inspect Kubernetes clusters and applications deployed in them

orchestration platform

helps schedule microservices and containers, and optimizes the use of the computing resource

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

on-demand access to a cloud-hosted platform for developing, running, and managing applications by prepackaging middleware, language runtimes, and tools as containers

pod

small, logical unit that runs a container in a worker node in the Kubernetes cluster

Prisma

Node ORM used to map data objects to tables in a relational database

private cloud

cloud deployment model where resources are dedicated to one customer such as a single organization for internal use where cloud resources are accessed and managed by an organization

public cloud

cloud deployment model where resources are remotely accessible by anyone offered through subscriptions or on-demand pricing plans

remote procedure call (RPC)

request-response protocol used by one program to request services from other programs over a network in a distributed computing environment

representational state transfer (REST)

architectural style for providing standards between resources so they can communicate with each other over the Web

resiliency

ability of a system to recover from failures and continue to function

resource group

container that holds related resources used in a cloud solution

Sequelize

used as an ORM to convert data objects in the Express.js code to data records in the inventory table the database

serverless computing

cloud-native development model where developers can build and run applications but are not responsible for provisioning, maintaining, and scaling the server infrastructure as this is outsourced to the cloud service provider (CSP)

service-oriented architecture (SOA)

requires that conforming applications be structured as discrete, reusable, and interoperable services that communicate through an enterprise service bus (ESB)

Software as a Service (SaaS)

cloud-hosted, ready-to-use software or application that end users access with a client (e.g., web browser, desktop client, mobile app) via a subscription model

Tanzu

modular, application platform that provides a rich set of developer tools and a pre-paved path to production to build and deploy applications quickly and securely on any compliant public cloud or on-premises Kubernetes cluster

Terraform

open-source infrastructure as code tool used to build, update, and version cloud and on-premises resources

unikernel

single-purpose machine image that is compile-time specialized into a dedicated stand-alone kernel with only the libraries needed to run the application

virtual machine (VM)

virtualization of a computer system

web service

unit of software that is available as a resource over the Internet

workload

application being run on Kubernetes