- affirmative action programs
- Programs established by organizations to expand job opportunities for women and minorities.
- agency shop
- Workers don’t have to join a union but must pay union dues.
- apprenticeship
- A form of on-the-job training that combines specific job instruction with classroom instruction.
- arbitration
- Settling labor-management disputes through a third party. The decision is final and binding.
- collective bargaining
- Negotiating a labor agreement.
- competitive advantage
- A set of unique features of an organization that are perceived by customers and potential customers as significant and superior to the competition.
- conciliation
- Negotiation process in which a specialist in labor-management negotiations acts as a go-between for management and the unions and helps focus on the problems.
- contingent worker
- Person who prefers temporary employment, either part-time or full-time.
- Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
- Processes discrimination complaints, issues regulations regarding discrimination, and disseminates information.
- federation
- A collection of unions banded together to achieve common goals.
- grievance
- A formal complaint by a union worker that management has violated the contract.
- human resource (HR) management
- The process of hiring, developing, motivating, and evaluating employees to achieve organizational goals.
- human resource planning
- Creating a strategy for meeting current and future human resource needs.
- incentive pay
- Additional pay for attaining a specific goal.
- job analysis
- A study of the tasks required to do a particular job well.
- job description
- The tasks and responsibilities of a job.
- job fair
- An event, typically one or two days, held at a convention center to bring together job seekers and firms that are searching for employees.
- job rotation
- Reassignment of workers to several different jobs over time so that they can learn the basics of each job.
- job specification
- A list of the skills, knowledge, and abilities a person must have to fill a job.
- labor union
- An organization that represents workers in dealing with management.
- local union
- Branch of a national union that represents workers in a specific plant or geographic area.
- management rights clause
- Clause in a labor agreement that gives management the right to manage the business except as specified in the contract.
- mediation
- Negotiation process in which a specialist facilitates labor-management contract discussions and suggests compromises.
- mentoring
- A form of on-the-job training in which a senior manager or other experienced employee provides job- and career-related information to a mentee.
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
- Sets workplace safety and health standards and assures compliance.
- open shop
- Workers do not have to join the union or pay union dues.
- orientation
- Presentation to get the new employee ready to perform his or her job.
- performance appraisal
- A comparison of actual performance with expected performance to assess an employee’s contributions to the organization.
- programmed instruction
- A form of computer-assisted off-the-job training.
- protected classes
- The specific groups who have legal protection against employment discrimination; include women, African-Americans, Native Americans, and others.
- recruitment
- The attempt to find and attract qualified applicants in the external labor market.
- recruitment branding
- Presenting an accurate and positive image of the firm to those being recruited.
- right-to-work law
- State laws that an employee does not have to join a union.
- selection
- The process of determining which persons in the applicant pool possess the qualifications necessary to be successful on the job.
- selection interview
- An in-depth discussion of an applicant’s work experience, skills and abilities, education, and career interests.
- selective strike strategy
- Strike at a critical plant that typically stops operations system-wide.
- shop steward
- An elected union official that represents union members to management when workers have complaints.
- simulation
- A scaled-down version or mock-up of equipment, processes, or a work environment.
- succession planning
- Examination of current employees to identify people who can fill vacancies and be promoted.
- training and development
- Activities that provide learning situations in which an employee acquires additional knowledge or skills to increase job performance.
- unemployment compensation
- Government payment to unemployed former workers.
- union shop
- Nonunion workers can be hired but must join the union later.
- worker’s compensation
- Pay for lost work time due to employment-related injuries.