9.1 Somatosensory Receptors
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9.2 Somatosensation in the Central Nervous System
Bushnell, M. C., Ceko, M., & Low, L. A. (2013). Cognitive and emotional control of pain and its disruption in chronic pain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14(7), 502–511. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3516
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Sandkühler, J., Fu, Q. G., & Zimmermann, M. (1987). Spinal pathways mediating tonic or stimulation-produced descending inhibition from the periaqueductal gray or nucleus raphe magnus are separate in the cat. Journal of Neurophysiology, 58(2), 327–341. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.58.2.327
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9.3 Pain and Itch
Bair, M. J., Robinson, R. L., Katon, W., & Kroenke, K. (2003). Depression and pain comorbidity: A literature review. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163(20), 2433–2445. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.20.2433
Baliki, M. N., Chialvo, D. R., Geha, P. Y., Levy, R. M., Harden, R. N., Parrish, T. B., & Apkarian, A. V. (2006). Chronic pain and the emotional brain: Specific brain activity associated with spontaneous fluctuations of intensity of chronic back pain. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 26(47), 12165–12173. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3576-06.2006
Bautista, D. M., Wilson, S. R., & Hoon, M. A. (2014). Why we scratch an itch: The molecules, cells and circuits of itch. Nature Neuroscience, 17(2), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3619
Borsook, D., & Becerra, L. (2009). Emotional pain without sensory pain--dream on?. Neuron, 61(2), 153–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2009.01.003
Cook, C. D., & Nickerson, M. D. (2005). Nociceptive sensitivity and opioid antinociception and antihyperalgesia in Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic male and female rats. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 313(1), 449–459. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.104.077792
Dance, A. (2019). Why the sexes don't feel pain the same way. Nature, 567(7749), 448–450. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-00895-3
Dominguez, C. A., Kouya, P. F., Wu, W. P., Hao, J. X., Xu, X. J., & Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z. (2009). Sex differences in the development of localized and spread mechanical hypersensitivity in rats after injury to the infraorbital or sciatic nerves to create a model for neuropathic pain. Gender Medicine, 6 Suppl 2, 225–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genm.2009.01.003
Dong, X., & Dong, X. (2018). Peripheral and central mechanisms of itch. Neuron, 98(3), 482–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.023
Gaumond, I., Arsenault, P., & Marchand, S. (2002). The role of sex hormones on formalin-induced nociceptive responses. Brain Research, 958(1), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03661-2
Gilam, G., Gross, J. J., Wager, T. D., Keefe, F. J., & Mackey, S. C. (2020). What is the relationship between pain and emotion? Bridging constructs and communities. Neuron, 107(1), 17–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2020.05.024
Gong, W. Y., Li, C. G., Cheng, C., & Fan, K. (2021). Open reduction and internal fixation of femoral fracture without anesthesia in patient with congenital insensitivity to pain and anhidrosis. Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.), 22(7), 1709–1710. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa423
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Greenspan, J. D., Slade, G. D., Bair, E., Dubner, R., Fillingim, R. B., Ohrbach, R., Knott, C., Mulkey, F., Rothwell, R., & Maixner, W. (2011). Pain sensitivity risk factors for chronic TMD: Descriptive data and empirically identified domains from the OPPERA case control study. The Journal of Pain, 12(11 Suppl), T61–T74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2011.08.006
Hilderink, P. H., Burger, H., Deeg, D. J., Beekman, A. T., & Oude Voshaar, R. C. (2012). The temporal relation between pain and depression: Results from the longitudinal aging study Amsterdam. Psychosomatic Medicine, 74(9), 945–951. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182733fdd
Hoffmann, D. E., Fillingim, R. B., & Veasley, C. (2022). The woman who cried pain: Do sex-based disparities still exist in the experience and treatment of pain?. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics: A Journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 50(3), 519–541. https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2022.91
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LaCroix-Fralish, M. L., Tawfik, V. L., & DeLeo, J. A. (2005). The organizational and activational effects of sex hormones on tactile and thermal hypersensitivity following lumbar nerve root injury in male and female rats. Pain, 114(1-2), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2004.12.006
LaMotte, R. H., Dong, X., & Ringkamp, M. (2014). Sensory neurons and circuits mediating itch. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3641
Linton, S. J., & Shaw, W. S. (2011). Impact of psychological factors in the experience of pain. Physical Therapy, 91(5), 700–711. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20100330
Lu, Y. C., Chen, C. W., Wang, S. Y., & Wu, F. S. (2009). 17Beta-estradiol mediates the sex difference in capsaicin-induced nociception in rats. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 331(3), 1104–1110. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.109.158402
MacDonald, D. I., Sikandar, S., Weiss, J., Pyrski, M., Luiz, A. P., Millet, Q., Emery, E. C., Mancini, F., Iannetti, G. D., Alles, S. R. A., Arcangeletti, M., Zhao, J., Cox, J. J., Brownstone, R. M., Zufall, F., & Wood, J. N. (2021). A central mechanism of analgesia in mice and humans lacking the sodium channel NaV1.7. Neuron, 109(9), 1497–1512.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2021.03.012
Mogil, J. S. (2020). Qualitative sex differences in pain processing: Emerging evidence of a biased literature. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 21(7), 353–365. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-020-0310-6
Mu, D., Deng, J., Liu, K. F., Wu, Z. Y., Shi, Y. F., Guo, W. M., Mao, Q. Q., Liu, X. J., Li, H., & Sun, Y. G. (2017). A central neural circuit for itch sensation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 357(6352), 695–699. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf4918
Potenzieri, C., & Undem, B. J. (2012). Basic mechanisms of itch. Clinical and Experimental Allergy: Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 42(1), 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03791.x
Presto, P., Mazzitelli, M., Junell, R., Griffin, Z., & Neugebauer, V. (2022). Sex differences in pain along the neuraxis. Neuropharmacology, 210, 109030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109030
Racine, M., Tousignant-Laflamme, Y., Kloda, L. A., Dion, D., Dupuis, G., & Choinière, M. (2012). A systematic literature review of 10 years of research on sex/gender and experimental pain perception - part 1: Are there really differences between women and men?. Pain, 153(3), 602–618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2011.11.025
Racine, M., Tousignant-Laflamme, Y., Kloda, L. A., Dion, D., Dupuis, G., & Choinière, M. (2012). A systematic literature review of 10 years of research on sex/gender and pain perception - part 2: Do biopsychosocial factors alter pain sensitivity differently in women and men?. Pain, 153(3), 619–635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2011.11.026
Raja, S. N., Carr, D. B., Cohen, M., Finnerup, N. B., Flor, H., Gibson, S., Keefe, F. J., Mogil, J. S., Ringkamp, M., Sluka, K. A., Song, X. J., Stevens, B., Sullivan, M. D., Tutelman, P. R., Ushida, T., & Vader, K. (2020). The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: Concepts, challenges, and compromises. Pain, 161(9), 1976–1982. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001939
Reddy, V. B., Iuga, A. O., Shimada, S. G., LaMotte, R. H., & Lerner, E. A. (2008). Cowhage-evoked itch is mediated by a novel cysteine protease: A ligand of protease-activated receptors. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 28(17), 4331–4335. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0716-08.2008
Rolls, E. T. (2015). Limbic systems for emotion and for memory, but no single limbic system. Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 62, 119–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2013.12.005
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Ruau, D., Liu, L. Y., Clark, J. D., Angst, M. S., & Butte, A. J. (2012). Sex differences in reported pain across 11,000 patients captured in electronic medical records. The Journal of Pain, 13(3), 228–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2011.11.002
Sorge, R. E., & Strath, L. J. (2018). Sex differences in pain responses. Current Opinion in Physiology, 6, 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cophys.2018.05.006
Tappe-Theodor, A., & Kuner, R. (2019). A common ground for pain and depression. Nature Neuroscience, 22(10), 1612–1614. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-019-0499-8
Wang, X., Traub, R. J., & Murphy, A. Z. (2006). Persistent pain model reveals sex difference in morphine potency. American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 291(2), R300–R306. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00022.2006
Zhou, W., Jin, Y., Meng, Q., Zhu, X., Bai, T., Tian, Y., Mao, Y., Wang, L., Xie, W., Zhong, H., Zhang, N., Luo, M. H., Tao, W., Wang, H., Li, J., Li, J., Qiu, B. S., Zhou, J. N., Li, X., Xu, H., & Zhang, Z. (2019). A neural circuit for comorbid depressive symptoms in chronic pain. Nature Neuroscience, 22(10), 1649–1658. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-019-0468-2
9.4 Pain Relief
Atakan, Z. (2012). Cannabis, a complex plant: Different compounds and different effects on individuals. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology, 2(6), 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125312457586
Bagley, E. E., & Ingram, S. L. (2020). Endogenous opioid peptides in the descending pain modulatory circuit. Neuropharmacology, 173, 108131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108131
Bouchet, C. A., & Ingram, S. L. (2020). Cannabinoids in the descending pain modulatory circuit: Role in inflammation. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 209, 107495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107495
Corder, G., Castro, D. C., Bruchas, M. R., & Scherrer, G. (2018). Endogenous and exogenous opioids in pain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 41, 453–473. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-061522
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Gatchel, R. J., Peng, Y. B., Peters, M. L., Fuchs, P. N., & Turk, D. C. (2007). The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: Scientific advances and future directions. Psychological Bulletin, 133(4), 581–624. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.4.581
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Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(5), 427–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-012-9476-1
Hussein, A. E., Esfahani, D. R., Moisak, G. I., Rzaev, J. A., & Slavin, K. V. (2018). Motor cortex stimulation for deafferentation pain. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 22(6), 45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-018-0697-1
Klinger, R., Colloca, L., Bingel, U., & Flor, H. (2014). Placebo analgesia: Clinical applications. Pain, 155(6), 1055–1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2013.12.007
Klinger, R., Stuhlreyer, J., Schwartz, M., Schmitz, J., & Colloca, L. (2018). Clinical use of placebo effects in patients with pain disorders. International Review of Neurobiology, 139, 107–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.015
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Lefaucheur, J. P. (2017). The complex relationship between pain and motor cortex. Brain Stimulation, 10(2), 382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2017.01.130
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Melzack, R. (2001). Pain and the neuromatrix in the brain. Journal of Dental Education, 65(12), 1378–1382.
Melzack, R. (2005). Evolution of the neuromatrix theory of pain. The Prithvi Raj Lecture: Presented at the third World Congress of World Institute of Pain, Barcelona 2004. Pain Practice: The Official Journal of World Institute of Pain, 5(2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-2500.2005.05203.x
Mundt, J. M., Roditi, D., & Robinson, M. E. (2017). A comparison of deceptive and non-deceptive placebo analgesia: Efficacy and ethical consequences. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 51(2), 307–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9854-0
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Peng, Y. B., Ling, Q. D., Ruda, M. A., & Kenshalo, D. R. (2003). Electrophysiological changes in adult rat dorsal horn neurons after neonatal peripheral inflammation. Journal of Neurophysiology, 90(1), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.01019.2002
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Stockings, E., Campbell, G., Hall, W. D., Nielsen, S., Zagic, D., Rahman, R., Murnion, B., Farrell, M., Weier, M., & Degenhardt, L. (2018). Cannabis and cannabinoids for the treatment of people with chronic noncancer pain conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled and observational studies. Pain, 159(10), 1932–1954. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001293
Sun, L., Peng, C., Joosten, E., Cheung, C. W., Tan, F., Jiang, W., & Shen, X. (2021). Spinal cord stimulation and treatment of peripheral or central neuropathic pain: Mechanisms and clinical application. Neural Plasticity, 2021, 5607898. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5607898
Tan, L. L., & Kuner, R. (2021). Neocortical circuits in pain and pain relief. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 22(8), 458–471. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-021-00468-2
Vase, L., & Wartolowska, K. (2019). Pain, placebo, and test of treatment efficacy: A narrative review. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 123(2), e254–e262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2019.01.040
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Whiting, P. F., Wolff, R. F., Deshpande, S., Di Nisio, M., Duffy, S., Hernandez, A. V., Keurentjes, J. C., Lang, S., Misso, K., Ryder, S., Schmidlkofer, S., Westwood, M., & Kleijnen, J. (2015). Cannabinoids for medical use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA, 313(24), 2456–2473. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.6358
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