Key Terms

7.1 Acoustic Cues and Signals

amplitude, complex harmonic motion, cue, decibels, diffraction, echolocation, filtering, frequency, interference, periodic/aperiodic, pressure, rarefaction, receiver, reflection, resonance, reverberation, sender, signal, sinusoid, spectrum, speech

7.2 How Does Acoustic Information Enter the Brain?

auditory cortex, auricles, basilar membrane, cochlea, cochlear nucleus, commissural connection, conductive hearing loss, endolymph, Eustachian tube, external ear, hair cell, impedance, incus, inferior colliculus, inner ear, inner hair cell, lateral lemniscus, lateral superior olive, malleus, medial superior olive, middle ear, organ of Corti, ototoxic, oval window, perilymph, positive feedback, round window, sensorineural hearing loss, stapedius, stapes, stereocilia, tectorial membrane, tensor tympani, thalamus, tonotopic organization, top-down, tympanic membrane

7.3 How Does the Brain Process Acoustic Information?

articulator, azimuth, categorical perception, elevation, formant, fundamental frequency, harmonic series, intensity, interaural level difference, interaural time delay, larynx, loudness, operant conditioning, phase, phonation, phone, phoneme, place code, psychometric curve, spectrum, threshold plot, vowel, Weber-Fechner scaling

7.4 Balance: A Sense of Where You Are

abduct, acceleration, adduct, ampulla, ampullary crest, cupula, dynamic force, endolymph, feedback, gain, macula, otoconia, otolith organs, saccule, semicircular canals, static force, vestibular ganglion, vestibular nuclear complex, vestibulo-ocular reflex, vestibulocollic reflex, vestibulospinal reflex, utricle